冷链技术简介——第Ⅴ部分 渔船应用设备

Cold Chain Technology Brief ——Part Ⅴ Fishing Vessel Application

尽管R22被《蒙特利尔议定书》列为逐步淘汰的臭氧消耗物质之一,但依然被船用冷链设备广泛采用。本文介绍了当前适用于船用鱼类加工工艺的冷链技术。根据《基加利修正案》,所有国家必须逐步减少HFCs的使用,为此,必须关注并提出其解决方案。不消耗臭氧层、零或低全球变暖潜能值(GWP)的替代制冷剂已经在新的制冷系统中得以商业化应用。针对现有渔船R22制冷系统的替代,小容量直接膨胀制冷系统,可以采用非臭氧消耗物质替代,大型满液式制冷系统,不推荐使用R22替代制冷剂方案。

R22 is still the widely dominant refrigerant, but it is among the ODS substances that parties to the Montreal protocol are required to phase-out. The applications of refrigeration for the various process needs in fishing vessels are presented, with technologies currently in use. Under the Kigali agreement, all countries will also have to gradually phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs). Supporting the Montreal Protocol,controlled substances used in mobile marine systems will have to be addressed. Alternatives that are not ozone layer depleting and having zero or low global warming potential(GWP) are commercially available for new refrigeration systems. But for the existing R22 fleets, the challenges are on the servicing of existing R22 systems requiring continued cost-effective availability of R22 refrigerants and equipment supplies. For small capacity direct expansion systems, it is generally possible to retrofit to non-ODS substances. But for large flooded systems,retrofitting to R22 alternatives is not a recommended option.