先秦出土文献中的残疾人资料考辨

A Study on Materials of the Disabled in Excavated Pre-qin literature

根据上博简《容成氏》的记载,先秦时期官府针对残疾人建立了两种官养制度,一是提供工作,二是发放生活资料。残疾人享有受教育的权利,可通过学习生存技能来参与相关的官府工作。官府则要求残疾人每月进行汇报,根据残疾人生活状况的变化,确定其享有的扶助政策是否变化。受刖刑的残疾人可从事守门守囿的工作,根据出土的青铜器,传世典籍中的刖人守囿和刖人守门是同一事的两种表达方式,并不矛盾。能力突出的残疾人,可以突破身体劣势的限制,获得较高的社会地位。

According to the record of Rong Cheng shi in the Shang Bo Jian,the government in the pre-Qin period established two kinds of official support systems for the disabled,one was to provide jobs,the other was to issue living materials.Persons with disabilities enjoy the right to education and to participate in relevant government jobs by learning life skills.The government requires disabled people to report on a monthly basis to determine whether their assistance policies have changed according to their living conditions.The disabled who suffered yuexing may work as gate keepers and keepers.According to the unearthed bronzes,yueren keeping the garden and keeping the door in the ancient books are two expressions of the same thing and are not contradictory.The disabled with outstanding ability can break through the limitation of physical disadvantage and obtain a higher social status.