我国持证残疾老年人多维贫困测度及区域特征研究

Study on Economic and Multidimensional Poverty Measure for Older Adults with Disabilities and Its Regional Distribution in China

本文利用2016—19年全国残疾人人口基础数据库持证残疾人数据,研究持证残疾老年人群体全国、城乡以及省份等不同层次的贫困状况和特征,并从城乡和地域上进行分解。结果表明:(1)全国范围内残疾老年人经济贫困率下降明显,至2019年,绝对贫困发生率仅6.5%,但边缘贫困问题开始凸显,且具有较明显城乡和区域差异。(2)农村残疾老年人多维贫困程度较城市更为严重,趋势整体向好,农村改善速度快于城市。(3)西部地区残疾老年人贫困状况依然相对更为严峻,具有较高的边缘贫困率及程度较深的多维贫困。东部地区整体经济发展水平虽较高,但部分省市开始出现城市边缘贫困加剧与多维贫困加深的现象,还可能面临城乡残疾老年人多维贫困程度差距拉大的趋势。中部地区和东北地区基线边缘贫困率高仍是亟须进一步解决的问题,且仍须防止多维贫困的发生和加深。

Based on data from the 2016-2019 National Population Basic Databases for Persons with Disabilities,this paper examined the poverty status and characteristic of older adults with disabilities at the national level,between rural and urban areas,and within different provinces.It further decomposed the measurements by rural and urban,and regions.The results showed that the economic poverty rate of older adults with disabilities had declined significantly,with an absolute poverty rate of 6.5%in 2019,however,problems of the vulnerable non-poor began to emerge,with obvious urban-rural and regional differences.The multidimensional poverty rate was higher in rural than in urban areas,but the overall trend declined over time,and rural areas improved faster.The poverty situation of the elderly with disabilities in the western region was still relatively severe,with higher vulnerable non-poor rate and multidimensional poverty rate.Although the eastern region has a higher overall economic level,some provinces and cities were beginning to see a rise in vulnerable non-poor rate and multidimensional poverty rate,and might also face a widening urban-rural gap in multidimensional poverty rate.The high vulnerable non-poor rate at baseline remained a pressing issue in central and northeastern regions,and measures were needed to prevent the onset and deepening of multidimensional poverty.