速度滑冰运动员流畅状态的研究

Research on the Flow State of Speed Skating Athletes

为推动我国速度滑冰项目的发展,研究速度滑冰运动员流畅状态的诱发手段与动作-肌肉表现,发挥运动员的最大潜能,提高速度滑冰项目的训练科学化水平。采用文献资料法和访谈法,对速度滑冰运动员流畅状态进行研究。流畅状态具有即挑战与技能平衡、行动与意识融合、清晰的目标、全神贯注、高度控制感、自我意识的丧失等心理特征。运动员在滑行的过程中身体放松,技术动作流畅,注意力非常集中,身体感觉不受自己支配的那种兴奋,完全就享受在滑行快乐的状态中,动作能力增强,顺利完成蹬冰融于一体的感觉,主观意识消失,相信自己能完成滑行的距离。提出必要的心理疏导、激发训练动机的语言激励、充分的准备活动、舒适的滑行姿态是诱导速度滑冰运动员流畅状态的形成重要手段。速度滑冰运动员处于流畅状态时,有利于发挥最佳竞技水平,取得优异成绩。

In order to promote the development of speed skating events in China,we will study the means of inducing the smooth state of speed skating athletes and their action-muscle performance,so as to maximize the potential of athletes and improve the scientific level of speed skating training.Using literature method and interview method to study the smooth state of speed skaters.The fluency state has psychological characteristics such as challenge and skill balance,action and consciousness integration,clear goals,full concentration,a high sense of control,and loss of self-awareness.Athletes relax in the process of sliding,technical movements are smooth,attention is very concentrated,the body feels the excitement that is not under their control,and they completely enjoy the state of skating pleasure,their movement ability is enhanced,and the skating is smoothly integrated.The feeling of subjective consciousness disappears,and I believe that I can complete the distance of sliding.It is proposed that necessary psychological counseling,language stimulation to stimulate training motivation,adequate preparation activities,and comfortable sliding posture are important means to induce the formation of smooth state of speed skaters.When a speed skater is in a smooth state,it is conducive to play the best competitive level and achieve excellent results.