大学生用眼卫生相关认知态度行为的健康教育干预研究

Study on Health Education Intervention of Cognition,Attitude and Behavior Related to Eye Hygiene of College Students

目的:探索部分广西高校大学生近视患病情况、影响因素,以及用眼卫生相关认知态度行为的健康教育方式。方法:采用现况调查方法,采用自行设计的调查问卷对广西中医药大学、广西民族大学、广西大学三所高校在校大学生进行调查。调查内容包括部分广西高校大学生近视患病情况,以及性别、是否熬夜、是否长时间使用手机等16个用眼相关的行为习惯,探究其与近视发生的关系。对研究对象开展用眼卫生相关认知态度行为的调查,并对其进行健康教育干预,评价干预前后得分的差异。结果:三所高校大学生近视患病率为77.4%;男性是近视保护因素(OR=0.453,95%CI:0.295~0.696);有躺着看书或手机的习惯(OR=1.710,95%CI:1.030~2.839)、夜晚熄灯后还使用手机(OR=3.292,95%CI:1.900~5.701)、每天连续使用手机4~6小时(OR=2.034,95%CI:1.117~3.703)是近视的危险因素。健康教育干预后,有躺着看书或看手机、用手揉眼睛、边走路边看手机等不良用眼习惯的人数都有明显减少。结论:部分广西高校大学生近视患病率较高,不良用眼习惯可能导致近视的发生。用眼卫生相关认知态度行为的健康教育可以侧重于手机使用相关方面,多平台、长时间的健康教育干预有利于纠正大学生用眼误区。

Objective:To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among partial college students in Guangxi,and to explore the health education methods of eye hygiene related cognition,attitude and behavior.Methods:Using the method of current situation investigation,a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the college students in Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangxi University for Nationalities and Guangxi University.The contents of the survey include:the prevalence of myopia of partial college students in Guangxi,as well as gender,whether to stay up late,whether to use mobile phones for a long time and other 16 eye-related behaviors,to explore the relationship between them and the occurrence of myopia.The subjects were investigated about the cognitive attitude and behavior related to eye health,and were given health education intervention to evaluate the difference of scores before and after intervention.Results:The prevalence rate of myopia among college students in the three universities was 77.4%,and male is the protective factor of myopia(OR=0.453,95%CI:0.295~0.696).The habit of reading books or mobile phones lying down(OR=1.710,95%CI:1.030~2.839),using mobile phones after lights off at night(OR=3.292,95%CI:1.900~5.701),and using mobile phones continuously for 4~6 hours a day(OR=2.034,95%CI:1.117~3.703)were the risk factors for myopia.After the intervention of health education,the number of people with bad habits such as lying down reading or playing mobile phones,rubbing eyes with hands,walking and watching mobile phones were significantly reduced.Conclusion:The prevalence rate of myopia among college students in Guangxi was high,and bad eye habits may lead to myopia.Health education of cognition,attitude and behavior related to eye hygiene can focus on the aspects related to the use of mobile phones.Multi-platform and long-term health education intervention could be conducive to correct the misunderstanding of eye hygiene among college students.