德沃金平等理论困境:个人责任与社会平等调和的失败

The Dilemma of Ronald Dworkin’s Equality Theory: Failure to Reconcile Individual Responsibility with Social Equality

德沃金从罗尔斯的福利平等理论出发,通过对个人抱负和自身禀赋、选项运气与原生运气、昂贵嗜好与虚拟保险市场等问题进行分析,构建起了“敏于抱负,钝于禀赋”的资源平等理论。但其理论的伦理基础、论证路径和最终目标都存在明显的不足与困境,仍然存在大量被忽略了的问题,同时二分法的内在不足也使得许多问题之间的模糊地带没有被合理和充分地讨论。尽管如此,德沃金资源平等理论依然是后来学者进一步研究平等理论的重要基点。

Starting from Rawls’theory of equality of welfare,Dworkin put forward the theory of equality of“ambition-sensitive but endowment-insensitive”resources.Dworkin has carefully investigated and evaluated personal ambitions and endowments,option luck,brute luck,expensive tastes,and hypothetical insurance market,etc..However,there are obvious deficiencies and dilemmas in the theory’s ethical foundation,argumentation path,and ultimate goal,and there are still many overlooked problems.At the same time,the inherent efficiencies of the dichotomy also cause many problems.The ambiguity between them has not been reasonably and fully discussed.Nevertheless,Dworkin’s theory of equality of resources is still an important basis for later scholars to further study of the equality theory.