身体改造与认同的困境——晚清民国时期的剪发研究

Body Modification and Identity Dilemma:Research on Haircut in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Period of the Republic of China

剪发是晚清以来中国人对身体进行外在改造的手段之一,它的出现与时局的转换紧密相关。从性别上看,男性剪发运动是在民族主义的潜流中向西方身体话语靠拢的结果;女性剪发运动借鉴了男性剪发的成功实践,在五四女性解放的呼声中达到高潮,并随后裂变出革命与摩登的双重含义。剪发后的男女面临着文化和身份认同的困境,表现在文学创作上即出现了“假洋鬼子”与“花木兰”两类文学形象。这两类文学形象隐含着中国现代知识分子特殊的文化心态,体现了历史发展的矛盾性与复杂性。

Since the late Qing Dynasty,haircut has been a means of external body modification of Chinese people,which is closely related to the change of current political situation.From the perspective of gender,the male haircut movement was the result of approaching the western body discourse in the undercurrent of nationalism.The female haircut movement learned from the successful practice of male haircut.It reached a climax in the voice of women’s liberation in the May 4th Movement,and then split into the dual meanings of revolution and modernity.After the haircut,the male and female faced the identity dilemma of culture and status,which was reflected in the two kinds of literary images:“imitation foreign devils”and“Hua Mulan”in literary creation.They implied the special cultural mentality of modern Chinese intellectuals and embodied the contradiction and complexity of historical development.