清末资政院临时会运动研究

Research on the Movement of the Zizhengyuan's Temporary Meeting in the Late Qing Dynasty

宣统三年,清政府实施“铁路国有”政策,引发了保路运动,开启了清末民初的乱局。值得我们探讨的是,“铁路国有”并不符合当时国情,受到各界反对,却没有任何一个国家机构为其纠偏。清末进行君主立宪制改革,其本质就是用议会来限制政府的错误举措,资政院作为议会机构的雏形,此时却未发挥任何作用。资政院从成立以来,就积极参与政治,其未能发挥作用,是因为资政院临时会受到军机大臣的阻挠,未能及时召开,而不能行使法定权力。资政院临时会未能及时召开,使得清政府忽视民意,一意孤行,最终令局势不断崩坏,难以遏止。

In 1911,the Qing government implemented the policy of"state-owned railway",which triggered the road protection movement and opened the chaos in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.What is worth discussing is that the"state-owned railway"was not in line with the national conditions at that time,and was opposed by all walks of life,but there was no state institution to rectify its deviation.The essence of the constitutional monarchy reform in the late Qing Dynasty was to use the parliament to restrict the wrong actions of the government,but Zizhengyuan as the embryonic form of the parliamentary institution,did not play any role at that time.Since its establishment,the Zizhengyuan has been actively involved in politics.Its failure to play a role is due to the temporary obstruction of the Minister of War,the failure to convene in time and the inability to exercise its statutory powers.The temporary meeting of the Zizhengyuan was not held in time,which made the Qing government ignore the public opinion and go its own way.Finally,the situation continued to collapse and was difficult to stop.