妊娠期碘缺乏的研究进展

Research progress of iodine deficiency during pregnancy

碘广泛存在于自然界中,是人体必需的微量元素之一。碘通过参与甲状腺激素的合成来影响人体正常生长发育和新陈代谢。碘缺乏影响全球近19亿人,是全球关注的健康问题之一。妊娠期妇女作为特殊群体,是碘缺乏的重点关注人群。妊娠期碘缺乏不仅会导致甲状腺功能障碍、地方性克汀病,还会不可逆转地影响胎儿的大脑发育,引起婴儿智力障碍、生长迟缓。文中就妊娠期碘缺乏的研究进展进行归纳与总结,重点对妊娠期碘缺乏危害和评价指标的相关研究进行综述,并为今后妊娠期碘缺乏的研究重点提供参考依据。

Iodine is widely present in nature and it is one of the essential trace elements for human body.Iodine affects normal growth,development and metabolism of human body by participating in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency affects nearly 1.9 billion people worldwide and it is one of the health problems of global concern.As a special group,pregnant women are the focus group of iodine deficiency.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy will not only lead to thyroid dysfunction,endemic cretinism,but also irreversibly affect fetal brain development,resulting in infant mental retardation and growth retardation.This article summarizes the research progress of iodine deficiency during pregnancy,focusing on the hazards and evaluation index of iodine deficiency during pregnancy,and provides reference for future research priorities of iodine deficiency during pregnancy.