国际贸易协定下安全例外条款“必要性”措施的判定——基于“卡塔尔诉沙特知识产权保护措施案”专家组报告分析

An Analysis of the“Necessary”Measure under the Security Exception Clause——Comments on Panel Report of the Saudi Arabia–Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Case

DS567案被称作"WTO正面回应援引安全例外条款第二案"。其沿用DS512案专家组审理思路,表明对于成员国援引安全例外条款中"必要性"措施的判定属于援引国自由裁量范畴,但实际上在DS567案中专家组已经对"必要性"措施的判定进行了一定的限定。专家组遵循"两步走"方式,把善意原则、比例原则以及对其他成员国的影响程度的考量纳入审查范畴,来判定行为是否属于保护其"基本安全利益"而采取的必要措施,给援引国附上了隐形的"枷锁"。在中美经贸摩擦背景下,关注对安全例外条款的判定方法有助于我国应对美国政府以"安全例外"为由对中国采取的贸易制裁行为。

DS567 case is called as the second chapter on national security of the WTO dispute settlement dealing with,which is resolved in a consistent way with the DS512 case.The panel’s analysis shows that the determination of the"necessity"of the measure is left for the WTO Members.However,the panel has actually taken some restrictions on the determination of the"necessity"measure in the panel report.Using the"two steps"approach,the Panel takes the requirements of"good faith",the principle of proportionality and the influence on other members into the scope of reviewing to determine whether the measures are necessary to protect their essential security interests,which attaches an invisible restriction on WTO members.Under the China-US trade dispute,paying attention to the determination of the security exception clause could help China to handle and respond to the US trade restrictions on the grounds of security exceptions.