涉氢环境机械部件的摩擦学研究现状

Research Status of Tribology of Hydrogen-Related Mechanical Components

氢气作为一种清洁、高效、可持续的二次能源,在未来我国终端能源体系占比至少10%,以氢能作为汽车和飞机动力学系统燃料的研究成为热点.机械运动部件表界面与氢介质将发生复杂的物理化学反应,影响着机械运动接触面的摩擦学行为,使役过程中氢致疲劳、磨损及腐蚀失效行为,严重制约着机械动力部件运行稳定性、可靠性和安全性.本文中重点调研了国际上氢气气氛环境下机械运动部件材料的摩擦磨损行为研究进展,总结了氢气环境下聚合物基、陶瓷基、金属基及低维度固体颗粒材料的摩擦磨损行为及其损伤失效演变规律,进一步阐述了摩擦工况下氢气和其他气体介质共存与使役材料的摩擦学行为之间的关联性.从摩擦学角度提出了抑制氢致损伤的可行性关键技术及防护材料,并对未来涉氢机械部件服役安全性的科学问题进行了展望.

Hydrogen as a clean,efficient and sustainable energy carrier plays a central role in future energy supply as well as mechanical systems. The research focus is on hydrogen as a fuel for vehicle and aircraft dynamics system in the present. Chemical and tribo-chemical reactions occur in the processes at the contacting surface,which causes a set of damage to machine parts. The hydrogen induced fatigue,wear and corrosion failure have been proven to strongly affect the stability,reliability and safety of mechanical power components. A number of projects dealing with the influence of hydrogen on the tribological properties of friction couples have been carried out. This paper reports the tribological properties and failing mechanism of polymer-based materials,ceramic-based materials,metal-based materials,and low dimensional nanomaterials in hydrogen. Tribological behavior of materials under the synergistic effect of hydrogen and other factors has been explained. Key technologies and protective materials for hydrogen damage suppression are proposed in terms of Tribology. Furthermore,the safety of mechanical components related to hydrogen has prospected.