红松籽制备红松籽油的原料性状及其制油工艺验证

Raw material characters of Korean pine seed oil prepared by the Korean pine seeds and verification of its production process

【目的】在优先保障野生红松籽为东北阔叶红松林天然更新提供种源和林内动物提供食物的前提下,研究人工红松籽、嫁接人工红松籽替代野生红松籽制备红松籽油的原料性状,为实现新兴的红松籽油制油产业对红松籽作为工艺原料的可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】采集6个不同产地的红松籽,重点检测质量、形态、脂肪酸成分、胚乳内含物原料性状,并验证了其干式酶法制油工艺的可行性。【结果】在与制油原料质量有关的籽湿质量(千粒重)、籽含水率、脱壳率、出仁率、籽仁湿质量(千粒重)、含油量质量性状,与制油原料的筛分、脱壳和干燥工艺有关的籽长、籽宽、籽厚、籽长宽比、籽长厚比、籽壳厚、籽仁干质量和籽仁含水率形态性状,与红松籽油油品质量有关的饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和皮诺敛酸脂肪酸成分和胚乳内含物性状,人工红松籽仁和嫁接人工红松籽仁均优于野生红松籽仁。经应用α-淀粉酶干式酶解法酶解红松籽仁制备红松籽油的制油新工艺验证,人工红松籽仁和嫁接人工红松籽仁的饱和脂肪酸含量(7.20%、7.17%)分别低于野生红松籽仁(14.03%、14.51%),不饱和脂肪酸含量(92.60%、92.84%)分别高于野生红松籽仁(0.87%、1.13%),皮诺敛酸含量(16.67%、16.91%)分别高于野生红松籽仁(14.65%、16.30%),其红松籽仁含油率、红松籽油提取率、籽粕残油率,人工红松籽仁和嫁接人工红松籽仁也均优于野生红松籽仁。【结论】在红松籽油制油工艺的综合原料性状方面,人工红松籽仁和嫁接人工红松籽均优于野生红松籽,完全可以替代野生红松籽,作为红松籽油制油工艺的优质原料实现可持续利用,推动新兴红松籽油制油业的高质量发展。

【Objective】On the premise of ensuring that wild Korean pine seeds provide seed sources for the natural regeneration of Northeast broad-leaved Korean pine forests and provide food for animals in the forest,the raw material characters of artificial Korean pine seeds and grafted artificial Korean pine seeds to replace wild Korean pine seeds for preparing Korean pine seed oil were studied.It provides a theoretical basis for realizing the sustainable utilization of Pinus koraiensis seed as technological raw material in the new industry of Pinus koraiensis seed oil.【Method】Korean pine seeds from six different areas were collected,and the characters of different Korean pine seeds,including weight,morphology,fatty acid composition and endosperm contents,were tested.In addition,the feasibility of preparing Korean pine seed oil by dry enzymatic method was verified.【Result】The results showed that the characters of artificial dry enzymatic method,the content of fatty acid in artificial Korean pine seed oil and grafted artificial Korean pine seed oil was 7.20%and 7.17%,lower 14.03%and 14.51%than that in wild Korean pine seed oil,respectively.Meanwhile,the content of saturated fatty acid was 92.60%and 92.84%in artificial Korean pine seed oil and grafted artificial Korean pine seed oil,which was higher than that in wild Korean pine seed oil by 0.87%and 1.13%,respectively.The content of Pinocrate in the artificial Korean pine seed oil and grafted Korean pine seed kernel and grafted artificial Korean pine seed kernel,related to the quality of raw materials,including seed wet weight(1000-grain weight),seed moisture content,husking rate,kernel yield,seed wet weight(1000-grain weight),oil content weight;related to the screening,dehulling and drying of oil raw materials,including seed length,seed width,seed thickness,seed length-width ratio,seed length-thickness ratio,seed shell thickness,seed kernel dry weight and the content of moisture in seed kernel;related to the quality of Korean pine oil products,including saturated fatty acids,unsaturated fatty acids,Pinotonic acid fatty acids and endosperm inclusions,were better than that of wild Korean pine seed kernel.Verified by the new processes of treating the Korean pine seeds withα-amylase via artificial Korean pine seed oil was 16.67%and 16.91%,higher 14.65%and 16.30%than that in wild Korean pine seed oil,respectively.The oil content,oil extraction rate and seed residue rate of artificial Korean pine seed kernel;and grafted artificial Korean pine seed kernel;were also better than that of wild Korean pine seed kernel.【Conclusion】The above results showed that the characters of artificial Korean pine seed kernel and grafted artificial Korean pine seed kernel were better than that of wild Korean pine seed kernel as the raw material for preparation of Korean pine seed oil.Artificial Korean pine seed kernel and grafted artificial Korean pine seed can replace wild Korean pine seed completely,as a high quality raw material for the preparation of Korean pine seed oil,to ensure the sustainable utilization of resource raw materials,and promote the well development of new industry of Korean pine seed oil.