向量代数在固定和跟踪平面太阳能计算中的应用

Application of Vector Algebra in Solar Energy Calculation of Fixed and Tracked Solar Panels

太阳能计算是依据太阳几何学并结合地面太阳辐射数据来计算太阳能接收器所收集到的太阳辐射。尽管其计算过程因接收器的结构、光学特性、安装方式的不同而存在很大差异,但最基本的计算是确定太阳光在接收器上的入射角和太阳光在特定截面上的投影入射角。传统方法采用天球坐标作为描述太阳运动规律和相关计算的基础,导致相关计算过程十分复杂。以固定和跟踪太阳板为案例,详细分析了如何用向量方法分析线与线(面)的空间角度关系及光线经过镜面反射后的空间传输规律,阐述了选择和建立坐标系的原则及坐标转换的简便方法。研究结果显示:根据实际需要选择和建立合理的坐标系可以大大简化光线在固定和跟踪平面上的入射角及光线在特定面投影角的计算过程,向量代数非常适用于分析光线在反射式线聚光器内的三维传输过程。

Solar energy calculation aims at calculating solar radiation collected by a solar receiver using solar geometry and radiation data. The essential calculation includes the incident angle of solar rays on the receivers and the projection angle of solar rays on a specific plane, although the calculation procedure quite differs due to the receiver differences in structure, orientation as well as optical characteristics. To date, the spherical coordinate system is taken as the basis for describing the law of solar motion and related calculation. However, such a conventional method makes the calculation process complex. In this article, taking the fixed and tracked solar panels as case studies, it is analyzed in detail that how to use vector algebra for coordinate transformation, how to select and establish coordinate systems, and how to use vector algebra to analyze the spatial angle relationship between line and line(plane) as well as the spatial transmission law of solar rays after mirror reflection. The analysis results show that the calculation process of the incident angle of solar rays on fixed and tracked solar panels as well as the projection angle of solar rays on a specific plane can be greatly simplified by selecting and establishing a reasonable coordinate system according to actual needs, and vector algebra is very suitable for analyzing the three-dimensional transmission process of solar rays within a reflective linear solar concentrator.