黄淮北片冬麦区国家区试冬小麦品种抗寒性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation Cold Resistance of the National Regional Test Winter Wheat Varieties in the Northern Part of Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region

冬小麦冻害是影响我国粮食生产安全的主要气候灾害之一,对小麦冻害的研究具有重要意义。通过对46个黄淮北片冬麦区国家区试冬小麦品种在山西定襄、太谷和河北遵化三个环境下的苗期表型(死茎率、冬前单株分蘖数和冬前单株次生根数)进行分析,筛选抗寒品种,并结合各试点表现对抗寒鉴定试验提供指导意见。结果表明:定襄环境下品种死茎率与其余两环境存在极显著差异(P<0.01),而太谷和遵化无显著差异。冬前单株分蘖数和冬前单株次生根数在三个环境下均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。根据三个环境下品种死茎率进行聚类分析,参试品种被分为抗寒能力较强(Ⅰ类)、抗寒能力差(Ⅱ类)与抗寒能力中等(Ⅲ类)三类品种。在三个环境下筛选出死茎率稳定低于对照的7个品种。综合来看,太谷和遵化适宜作为黄淮北片冬麦区品种抗寒性鉴定试点。该研究结果为黄淮北片冬麦区国家区试冬小麦新品种抗寒性鉴定试验提供了理论依据和实践指导。

Winter wheat freezing injury is one of the main climatic disasters affecting food production security in China.The research on wheat freezing injury is of great significance.The seedling phenotypes(dead stem rate,number of tillers per plant before winter and number of secondary roots per plant before winter)of 46 winter wheat varieties in the national regional test in the northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region were analyzed in three environments,namely Dingxiang and Taigu in Shanxi and Zunhua in Hebei to screen the cold-resistant varieties and provide guidance for the cold identification test based on the winter performance of each test site.The results showed that the average dead stem rate of varieties in Dingxiang environment was highly significantly different from the remaining two environments(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between Taigu and Zunhua environments.The number of tillers per plant before winter and the number of secondary roots per plant before winter were highly significantly different(P<0.01)in all three environments.Based on the clustering analysis of the varieties dead stem rate under the three environments,the participating varieties were classified into three categories:strong cold resistance(categoryⅠ),poor cold resistance(categoryⅡ)and moderate cold resistance(categoryⅢ).Seven varieties with lower dead stem rate were selected under three environments.To sum up,the Taigu and Zunhua environments were suitable as the test site for variety cold resistance identification in the winter wheat area of the northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region.This study provided theoretical basis and guidance for the cold resistance identification test of new winter wheat varieties of the national regional test in the northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region.