菌渣基质化利用中存在的问题与应对策略探讨

Problems and Countermeasures in Substrate Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrates

我国食用菌菌渣产生量巨大,并具有庞大的园艺基质市场需求,菌渣基质化利用意义重大。菌渣因其独特的理化特性和丰富的养分,具有极好的基质化利用潜力,但目前基质化应用依然不多。针对此现状,总结归纳了菌渣基质化利用的主要问题,包括:菌渣理化性状变异大,一致化调控技术研究薄弱;菌渣电导率普遍较高,而高效降盐技术缺乏;现有的菌渣基质化利用主要是通过腐熟发酵后复配,未能充分发挥菌渣潜力。在此基础上,提出了针对性的菌渣基质化利用策略,以期为食用菌菌渣的高效基质化利用提供指导。

There are a huge amount of spent mushroom substrates(SMS)in China,meanwhile,there is a huge market demand for horticultural substrate.Therefore,utilizing SMS as horticultural substrate is of great significance.SMS has great potential for substrate utilization as it has unique physical and chemical properties,as well as rich nutrients.However,the substrate utilization of SMS is still insufficient.In view of this situation,this paper summarized the main problems existing in the substrate utilization of SMS,including the physicochemical properties of SMS varied greatly,while the research on uniformization technique was weak;the electrical conductivity(EC)value of SMS was generally high,while efficient salt-reduction technology was lack;the existing substrate utilization technology of SMS was mainly through fermentation,which failed to fully utilize the potential of SMS.This paper also put forward some countermeasures for substrate utilization of SMS,with the purpose to provide guidance for efficient substrate utilization of spent mushroom substrates.