绿肥翻压与氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Green Manure Turning Over and Nitrogen Reducing on Rice Yield,Quality and Soil Fertility

为探明绿肥山黧豆种植翻压下减量施用化学氮肥的潜力,通过3年田间定位试验,设置冬闲+100%N肥(常规施肥,CK)、山黧豆+60%N肥(GM+N60)、山黧豆+70%N肥(GM+N70)、山黧豆+80%N肥(GM+N80)、山黧豆+不施肥(GM)和冬闲+不施肥(NF)共6个处理,研究不同处理对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,山黧豆与氮肥减量配施能提高水稻产量,GM+N70和GM+N80处理显著提高水稻产量,分别增产13.84%和7.25%;且能提高稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率和蛋白质含量,降低垩白度及垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量。其中,GM+N70处理的整精米率最高,为78.02%,垩白粒率最低,为18.11%;GM+N80处理的直链淀粉含量最低,为14.26%。山黧豆与氮肥减量配施能明显提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量,对土壤有效磷含量无显著影响。综上,种植翻压山黧豆与氮肥减量20%~30%配施有利于提高水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力,为构建四川稻区山黧豆种植翻压还田后科学施用氮肥提供理论依据。

In order to explore the effect of reducing the application of N fertilizer in green manure Lathyrus sativus on rice yield,quality and soil fertility,six treatments were set up including winter fallow+100%N fertilizer(CK),Lathyrus sativus+60%N fertilizer(GM+N60),Lathyrus sativus+70%N fertilizer(GM+N70),Lathyrus sativus+80%N fertilizer(GM+N80),Lathyrus sativus+no fertilizer(GM)and winter fallow+no fertilization(NF).The results of three years field experiments showed that,compared with CK,Lathyrus sativus combined with reducing N fertilizer application could increase rice yield,GM+N70 and GM+N80 treatments significantly increased rice yields,which increased by 13.84%and 7.25%,respectively.And Lathyrus sativus combined with reducing N fertilizer application could improve brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate and protein content;reduce chalkiness,chalkiness grain rate and amylose content of rice.The head milled rice rate of GM+N70 treatment was the highest(78.02%),the chalkiness grain rate was the lowest(18.11%).The amylose content of GM+N80 treatment was the lowest(14.26%).The combined application of Lathyrus sativus and N fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium.In conclusion,Lathyrus sativus and reducing N fertilizer application by 20%~30%should be beneficial to rice yield,quality and improvement of soil fertility,which provided theoretical basis for scientific application of N fertilizer after turning over Lathyrus sativus in Sichuan region.