基于隐蔽故障和多失效模式耦合的应急门安全性分析

Safety Analysis for the Civil Aircraft Emergency Door Based on Latent Failure and Multi-failure Mode Coupling

民用飞机翼上应急门具有特殊性,故障存在一定的隐蔽性,因此合理地分析其安全性尤为重要。本文明确应急门隐蔽故障的评估和选取方式,在底事件失效概率的求解过程中引入隐蔽故障暴露时间,建立应急门空中意外打开故障树;将常规构建的“公差累积导致闩轴运动不到位”底事件考虑成由公差累积和结构磨损共同作用导致的闩轴运动不到位问题,细化故障树底事件建模技术,开展安全性分析,并对故障树细化前后可靠性分析结果进行对比。结果表明:细化后的故障树更符合工程实际,应急门可靠性分析结果更准确。

The emergency door on the wing of a civil aircraft has particularity,and its fault is somewhat concealed,so it is particularly important to analyze its safety reasonably.The evaluation and selection principles of the latent failure of the emergency door are defined,and the exposure time of the latent failure is considered in the solution procedure of the failure probability of the bottom event.The fault tree of accidental opening of emergency door in flight is established.The bottom event of“the latch axis movement being not in place caused by tolerance accumulation”,which is generally constructed,is considered as the mechanism movement not being in place caused by the joint action of tolerance accumulation and structural wear.The modeling technology of fault tree bottom event is refined,and its safety is analyzed.The results of reliability analysis before and after fault tree refinement are com‐pared.The results show that the refined fault tree is more in line with the engineering practice,and the reliability analysis result of emergency door is more accurate.