CRISPR核酸检测技术的研究进展

Research progress of nucleic acid detection technology based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

作为一种新兴的基因组编辑和调控工具,CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)技术的诞生和发展极大地改变了生物学领域的前进方向。近几年来,CRISPR系统及其相关蛋白(Cas效应蛋白)的工作原理被逐渐揭示,由于其优越的灵敏度和特异性,该技术在多个领域开始发挥至关重要的作用。借助其新颖的核酸酶活性,人们打开了研发核酸检测新方法的大门。本文总结了多种CRISPR/Cas系统及其在核酸检测领域的应用和局限性,并对其后续发展方向进行了展望。随着该技术的不断成熟,CRISPR/Cas系统将进一步推动基础生物学和应用生物学的研究,并有潜力成为下一代诊断生物传感平台的候选者。

As an emerging genome editing and regulation tool,the discovery and development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)technology have greatly changed the direction of the biological field.In recent years,the working principle of the CRISPR system and its related proteins(Cas effector proteins)have been revealed.Due to its outstanding sensitivity and specificity,this technology has also begun to play a vital role in several research fields.With its novel nuclease activity,the door was opened to develop new methods for nucleic acid detection.This article summarized the CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications and limitations in the nucleic acid detection field,and prospected for their subsequent development.With the technology maturing gradually,the CRISPR/Cas systems were expected to promote the research of basic biology and applied biology and had the potential to become a candidate for the next generation of diagnostic biosensing platforms.