水酶法提取葵花籽仁油工艺的优化及对油脂品质的影响

Optimization of aqueous enzymatic extraction process of sunflower seeds oil and the effect on its quality

目的优化水酶法提取葵花籽仁油工艺,探究水酶法对油脂品质的影响。方法以葵花籽仁为原料,研究预处理条件(粉碎程度、预处理温度、预处理时间、pH)和酶反应条件(反应温度、反应时间、pH、酶制剂种类)对葵花籽仁油提油率的影响,并比较水酶法制油工艺与压榨工艺、浸出工艺对葵花籽仁油品质的影响。结果水酶法提取葵花籽油最优预处理条件为95℃、pH 4.8、60 min;最佳酶反应条件为55℃、pH 4.8、采用复合纤维素酶和蛋白酶(各1 mL)、反应3 h。在最佳条件下,水酶法提油率可达90.17%。水酶法所制葵花籽仁油的过氧化值优于浸出法(P<0.05),但酸价高于压榨法所制毛油(P<0.05),R值略高于压榨法和浸出法所制毛油;维生素E含量明显低于压榨法和浸出法所制毛油(P<0.05);3种方式所制毛油的脂肪酸组成上无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论经过工艺优化,水酶法提取葵花籽仁油的提取率可达90.17%。不同工艺所制葵花籽仁油的品质存在一定的差异。

Objective To optimize the aqueous enzymatic extraction process of sunflower seeds oil,and explore the effect of aqueous enzymatic extraction on the quality of sunflower seeds oil.Methods Using sunflower seeds as raw material,the effects of pretreatment conditions(crushing degree,pretreatment temperature,pretreatment time,pH)and enzymatic reaction conditions(reaction temperature,reaction time,pH,types of enzymes)on the oil extraction yield of sunflower seeds were studied.The effects of aqueous enzymatic extraction,pressing and solvent extraction on the quality of sunflower seeds oil were compared.Results The optimal pretreatment conditions were 95℃,pH 4.8,and 60 min;the optimum enzymatic reaction conditions were 55℃,pH 4.8,complex cellulase and protease(1 mL each),3 h.Under optimal conditions,the oil extraction rate reached 90.17%.The peroxidation value of sunflower seeds oil prepared by aqueous enzymatic extraction was better than that of sunflower seeds oil prepared by solvent extraction(P<0.05),but the acid value was higher than the sunflower seeds oil by pressing(P<0.05),the R value was a little more higher than the other 2 kinds of sunflower seeds oil,the content of vitamin E was significantly lower than the other 2 kind of sunflower seeds oil(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in fatty acid composition of the sunflower seeds oil prepared by the 3 kinds of methods(P>0.05).Conclusion After the optimization of the extraction process,the sunflower seeds oil extraction rate can reach 90.17%.There are some differences in quality of sunflower seeds oil prepared by different processes.