冬作马铃薯后代品系营养品质评价

Nutritional Quality of Winter-potato Progenies

【目的】培育适宜在冬作区种植且具有早熟、耐寒、高产、优质等综合性状的马铃薯新品种。【方法】采用田间随机区组试验设计,以耐寒、高产、优质的闽薯2号为母本,早熟、优质的中龙薯1号为父本,对其27份杂交后代品系进行研究,分析其维生素C、还原糖、干物质、蛋白质、矿质元素和氨基酸等主要营养品质的变异程度。【结果】27份杂交后代品系的营养品质性状的变异程度较大,其中:维生素C和还原糖含量的变异系数(CV)分别为22.4%和18.3%。干物质和蛋白质含量的变异程度较小,CV值分别为10.8%和14.9%。矿质元素中,镁和铁的变异程度较大,CV值分别为17.0%和24.2%;钾和锌的CV值分别为10.2%和12.1%。17种氨基酸组分的CV值范围在12.9%~38.0%,CV值超过25%的组分有天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸;总氨基酸的CV值为14.6%。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,对27份杂交后代品系进行营养品质评价,初步筛选出1320040、1320001、1320009等12份高营养品质材料。【结论】27份杂交后代品系的营养品质性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,试验筛选出的12份高营养品质材料可为进一步选育冬作马铃薯优良新品种奠定物质基础。

【Objective】In preparation of breeding new early-mature,cold tolerant,high yield winter-potato varieties the nutritional quality of the hybrid candidates was evaluated.【Method】A randomized block experiment was conducted in the field to compare the contents of vitamin C,reducing sugar,dry matters,protein,mineral elements,and amino acids in 27 hybrid progenies of a cold tolerant,high yield,high quality Minshu 2 as the female parent and a very early-mature,high quality Zhonglongshu 1 as the male parent.【Result】Significant variations on contents of the nutrients were found among the 27 cultivars.The coefficient of variations(CV)on vitamin C and reducing sugar were 22.4% and 18.3%,respectively,and smaller CV on dry matters and protein 10.8% and 14.9%,respectively.On minerals,the greatest differentiations were shown on Mg and Fe contents with CVs at 17.0% on Mg and 24.2% on Fe,but lower at 10.2% on K,and 12.1% on Zn.The contents of 17 amino acids varied in the CV range from 12.9% to 38.0% with Asp,Glu,Cys,Agr,and Pro higher than 25%,and the total amino acids at 14.6%.It appeared that these progenies were highly diverse genetically resulting in significant variations on their nutritional quality.Hence,careful selection of the hybrids would be necessary to maximize the nutritional quality of the new breed.Using the principal component and cluster analyses,12 high-quality candidates including 1320040,1320001,and 1320009 were preliminarily selected.【Conclusion】The nutritional quality of the 27 hybrids with rich genetic diversity was compared.Accordingly,12 were chosen as candidates for breeding experimentation.