主栽毛木耳菌株农艺性状及ISSR遗传分析

Agronomic Characteristics and ISSR Molecular Markers of Auricularia cornea Strains

【目的】明确主栽毛木耳菌株的亲缘关系,为毛木耳选育新品种、种质资源构建保存研究等提供参考依据。【方法】收集省内外主栽以及前期杂交的毛木耳菌株共8个,进行农艺性状以及ISSR遗传分析,农艺性状包括菌种菌丝生长速度、子实体形态特征、产量、干湿比等进行分析。【结果】供试菌株的农艺性状有一定的差异,其中菌株43012、漳耳43-28菌丝生长速度较快,耳片平均直径大,分别为11.8、11.3 cm,耳片厚,分别为0.128、0.126 cm,产量高,干耳总产量分别达到72.5、71.5 g·袋^(-1)。菌株杂10表现耳片多,菊花状。菌株CR5表现耳片腹面浅红褐色。根据晒干后毛木耳背面的色泽,将供试菌株分为白背毛木耳和黄背毛木耳两大类,其中永耳13、781、漳平42等3个菌株为黄背毛木耳,其他菌株为白背毛木耳。ISSR分子标记分析结果表明,供试菌株在相似性75%水平上,聚为5大类群,菌株781和永耳13为第一类群,2个菌株的相似性为98%,菌株CR5为第二类群,漳耳43-28、杂10为第三类群,2个菌株的相似性为76%,苏毛3号、43012为第四类群,2个菌株的相似性为83%。菌株漳平42为第五类群,漳平42与其他菌株的相似性最小为53%。【结论】结合农艺性状及ISSR聚类分析,初步判断菌株781与永耳13可能为同一品种,为同种异名现象。菌株杂10、CR5、43012、漳耳4328各有优势,可以作为杂交育种的亲本。

【Objective】Morphological and genetic characteristics of strains of Auricularia cornea were studied to facilitate new variety breeding and germplasm conservation.【Method】The agronomic properties and ISSR molecular markers of 8 major strains of cultivated or hybrid A.cornea collected from Fujian and other producing provinces in China were determined for comparison.【Result】The strains had significant morphological and genetic differences.Zhanger 43-28 and Strain 43012 showed the highest rate of mycelial growth with an average diameter of 11.8 cm and 11.3 cm,respectively,a thickness of 0.128 cm and 0.126 cm,respectively,and an output of 72.5 g·bag^(-1) and 71.5 g·bag^(-1),respectively,on earpieces.Za 10 had numerous earpieces with the fruiting body a chrysanthemum-like appearance.And the ventral surface of Strain CR5 was light reddish brown in color.The dried fruiting bodies of the 8 strains were either white or yellow on the back.Thus,Yonger 13,Strain 781,and Zhangping 42 were commercially categorized as yellow-backed and the other strains white-backed A.cornea.At 75% similarity on ISSR molecular markers,the 8 strains were clustered into Group 1 that consisted of Strain 781 and Yonger 13,the similarity of the two strains was 98%.Group 2 of Strain CR5,Group 3 of Zhanger 43-28 and Za 10,the similarity of the two strains was 76%.Group 4 of Sumao 3 and Strain 43012,the similarity of the two strains was 83% and Group 5 of Zhangping 42,Zhangping 42 and the remainders at 53%.【Conclusion】Combined the agronomic characteristics and ISSR clustering result,Yonger 13 and Strain 781 appeared phylogenetically closely related.They were same species but had been given different names.Strains Za 10,CR5,43012 and Zhanger 4328 have their own advantages and can be used as parents of cross breeding.