美国《青少年篮球运动指南》的执行理念与参与规范解读及镜鉴

Interpretation of the Implementation Concept and Participation Standards in Youth Basketball Guidelines and Their Implications

为了塑造青少年发展的篮球环境,提高不同年龄阶段青少年篮球技能,以及愉快的参与和体验篮球运动,美国篮协和NBA联盟联合颁布了《青少年篮球运动指南》(YOUTH BASKETBALL GUIDELINTES,以下简称:《指南》)。系统解读《指南》的研制背景、实施策略、运行机制等,获得对我国青少年篮球推广和普及的借鉴价值和启示,深化体教融合的内涵。研究表明:美国青少年篮球鼓励健康快乐参与、科学量化参与、项目多元参与、公平参与和规范参与,杜绝项目早期专业化,制定不同年龄阶段的青少年篮球运动参与标准、特殊的规则标准,细化青少年参赛年龄标准等。在此基础上提出,我国青少年篮球运动发展应紧扣政策和青少年的身心发育规律健康发展;要注重发挥行业协会的权威性;同时要构建合理的负荷量和参赛年龄分组,促进青少年健康公平发展。

In order to create a basketball environment for youth development,improve the basketball skills of youth at different age segments,as well as enable them participate in and enjoy basketball games,the American Basketball Association and NBA League jointly issued Youth Basketball Guidelines(hereinafter referred to as"Guidelines").This present paper systematically interprets the formulation background,implementation strategy,operation mechanism of"Guidelines",aiming to provide reference value and implications for the promotion and popularization of youth basketball in China,and deepen the content of sports-education integration.The research shows that:American youth are encouraged to participate in multiple basketball games in a happy,scientific,quantitative,fair and standardized way.In order to prevent the early sports specialization,the Guidelines formulates the participation rules and standards,as well as the special specifications for youth at different age segments,and details the age segmentation for youth participation.On this basis,this paper puts forward that the development of youth basketball in China should closely follow the state policies and youth's healthy physical and mental development pattern;give full play to the authority of industry associations;and at the same time,construct reasonable loads and age groups to promote youth development in a healthy and fair way.