凉山彝族原生态仪式舞蹈“朵洛荷”的体育人类学考释

The Anthropological Interpretation of Original Ecological Ritual Dance "Doloho" of the Yi People in Liangshan

运用田野调查、逻辑归纳、文献资料等研究方法及仪式象征理论,从体育人类学视角考释凉山彝族原生态仪式舞蹈“朵洛荷”的源起、符号内涵、仪式结构并探讨其在民族文化体系中的功能与意义。研究认为,凉山彝族原生态仪式舞蹈“朵洛荷”作为一种仪式性民俗体育活动,发轫于群婚制的母系时代与彝族先民“火崇拜”存在着密切的关联,是彝族女性期盼祖灵庇佑的原始图腾意识和渴望物阜民丰的朴素农耕意识的身体表达。在身体实践上以“顿地为节、连臂踏歌、依火环绕、右旋行进”表述了族群的认知逻辑和文化记忆;在仪式象征上隐匿着彝族女性社会角色转换及对“本我”的超越,展演过程既是彝族女性时间上的“过渡”又是空间上的“通过”也是践行于“圣俗”之间的族群文化表述模式。通过微观的田野个案,以身体的实践来深入解析“朵洛荷”隐喻的社会结构与象征意义,旨为跨文化理解与对话少数民族的身体文化研究提供一定的启示与借鉴。

Using the methods of field survey,logical induction,documentation and ritual symbol theory,this present paper interprets the origin,symbolic connotation,and ritual structure of"Doloho"-the original ecological ritual dance of the Yi people in Liangshan from the sports anthropological perspective,and discusses its function and meaning in the Yi ethical cultural system.The study suggests that the original ecological ritual dance"Doloho"of the Yi people in Liangshan,as a ritual folk sports activity originated in the matriarchal era of group marriage system and closely related to the"fire worship"ofthe Yi ancestors,is the physical expression of Yi females'primitive totem consciousness of seeking blessings from ancestral spirits and their simple farming consciousness of longing for abundance and happiness.In physical practice,the dancing pattern of"stamping the ground with feet,dancing and singing with arms connected with one another,rotating around the fire,and clockwise rotating marching"reveals the ethnic group's cognitive logic and cultural memory;in ritual symbol,the dance reveals the hidden changes in Yi females'social role and their transcendence of ego.The performance process is not only Yi females'"transition"over timeand their"passage"in space,but also their expression mode of ethnic culture practiced in between religious and mortal worlds.This paper interprets the social structure and symbolic meaning embedded in the"Doloho"metaphor by analyzing its physical practice,and it is hoped that this case study can provide some enlightenment and reference for the cross-cultural understanding and studies of minority ethnic people's body culture.