论死者个人信息的保护

On Protecting Post-Mortem Personal Information

对于死者的个人信息,法律上的保护路径有三种:一是继承法保护,即允许继承人通过继承取得死者的个人信息。在我国法上,自然人就其个人信息享有的是人格权益,故此该权益不得继承。至于继承网络服务合同债权的方法,也无法解决全部问题。二是侵权法保护,《民法典》第994条虽然只列举了死者的姓名、肖像和隐私,但是,个人信息可以解释到该条中的"等"当中,然而,这种保护属于事后的救济。三是个人信息保护法的保护,即规定死者的近亲属可以针对死者的个人信息行使某些权利。该方法已为我国新颁布的《个人信息保护法》所采纳,这是一种积极、主动的保护。为了尊重死者生前意愿、保护死者及第三人的隐私,《个人信息保护法》第49条对死者近亲属针对死者个人信息的权利进行了相应的限制。

After the death of a natural person,his personal information should be protected.There are three ways to protect it:Firstly,protect it through the inheritance law,that is,to allow the heirs to obtain the personal information of the deceased through inheritance.However,according to Chinese law,personal information of the deceased is personal rights and interests,it can not be inherited.The way of inheriting the creditor’s rights of internet service contract can not solve the problem of inheriting all the personal information of the deceased.Secondly,protect it by tort law.Article 994 of China Civil Code protects name,portrait and privacy of the deceased.Other personal information can be interpreted as"etc"in this article.However,this kind of protection belongs to the relief after the event.Thirdly,protect it by personal information protection law,which stipulates that the close relatives of the deceased can exercise the rights of the deceased in personal information processing.This method has been adopted by Article 49 of China Personal Information Protection Law,which is a more active and active protection.In order to respect the wishes of the deceased and protect the privacy of the deceased and the third party,Article 49 of the personal information protection law restricts the rights of the close relatives of the deceased against the personal information of the deceased.