不同类型环境规制对于异源性环境污染的减排效应研究

The Study of Emission Reduction Effects of Different Environmental Regulations on the Different Environmental Pollution Types

中国各类(异质性)环境规制对于不同类型(异源性)环境污染的减排效应差异较大。从政府角度出发,从制定层面将环境规制分为复合污染规制、空气污染规制、水污染规制、固体污染规制、噪声污染规制五类。从执行层面出发建立全面核算环境规制执行力的指标体系。基于2003—2017年中国省级面板,研究各类环境规制及环境规制执行力度的减排效应发现:现阶段针对空气、水、固体、噪声等各类污染的专项规制,会加重其针对的该类型污染,只有固体污染规制减少个别固体污染指标,同时专项污染规制对其他类型污染的影响也以"挤出效应"为主,会加重其他类型污染;加强规制多类或复合污染规制更有效,能够减少各类空气污染、水污染和部分固体污染,但不利于大部分固体污染物及噪声污染的改善;环境规制执行力度加强仅能减少3种污染物排放。在当前面临空气污染、水污染各项指标下降明显,固体污染部分指标、噪声污染整体上升明显的情况下,空气污染规制、水污染规制、复合污染规制及环境规制执行力度都应谨慎加强。未来应出台更为细化、更为有效的固体污染规制。

Various types of environmental regulations in China have different effects on the different types of(which from dif-ferent sources)environmental pollution. From the perspective of the government,this paper divided environmental regulationsinto five categories:composite regulation,air,water,solid and noise. Moreover establish an indicator system for comprehen-sive accounting of the implementation of environmental regulations from the implementation level, this paper studied the emis-sion reduction effects of various environmental regulations and the implementation of environmental regulations based on the2003-2017 Chinese provincial panel data. The study found out:at this stage,special regulatory policies for various types ofpollution,such as air,water,solids and noise,will increase the types of pollution they target,only solid pollution regulationsreduce individual solid pollution indicators. At the same time,the impact of special pollution regulations on other types of pol-lution is also mainly"squeezing effect",which will aggravate other types of pollution. Strengthening compound regulation poli-cies that regulate multiple types or comprehensive environmental pollution is more effective,which can reduce various types ofair and water pollution as well as some solid pollution,which is not conducive to the improvement of most solid pollution andnoise pollution. Strengthening environmental regulation implementation could decrease only three pollutants. In the current situ-ation where most indicators of air and water pollution have dropped significantly and some indicators of solid pollution andnoise pollution have risen obviously,special regulation policies for air and water pollution,compound regulation policies andthe implementation of environmental regulation should be strengthened cautiously. In the future,we should look for more de-tailed and effective solid pollution regulation policies.