健康素养与婴儿死亡率相关研究对护理工作的启示

Enlightenment of Nursing Work Based on Correlation Analysis on Health Literacy and Infant Mortality

目的婴儿的健康保健和居民健康教育是护理人员的重要工作内容,是衡量地区卫生健康保健服务能力的重要指标。研究通过分析居民健康素养与婴儿死亡率之间的作用关系,为上海市护理工作提供参考。方法从中国政府部门收集2010—2018年上海市居民健康素养和婴儿死亡率数据,利用灰色系统理论模型,计算居民健康素养各指标与婴儿死亡率之间的相关性并预测上海市婴儿死亡率变化趋势。结果上海市婴儿死亡率逐年下降;相关性研究显示,与婴儿死亡率最相关的前三位指标分别是传染病预防知识素养、健康基本技能素养、健康基本知识和理念素养;通过一次模型修正后得到精度优秀的模型,模型公式是Y(t)=84.905875e^(((-0.071214(t-1)))+7.149242e^(0.061884(t-1)+84.257955)。结论上海市的婴儿管理政策实施有效,处于全国领先地位;居民健康素养水平及其各指标能够在一定程度上影响婴儿死亡率,护理人员应有针对性地开展健康教育,提高广大居民健康素养水平,逐步达到降低婴儿死亡率的目的。

Objective Infants’ health care and residents’ health education are the important aspects of nursing staff’s work and important indicators to measure the regional health care service capacity. By analyzing the relationship between residents’ health literacy and infant mortality, this study provides reference for infant health care. Methods Data on health literacy and infant mortality of Shanghai residents from 2010 to 2018 were collected from Chinese government departments. Through the grey system theory model, the correlation between the indicators of residents’ health literacy and infant mortality was calculated and the trend of infant mortality in Shanghai was predicted. Results A consecutive decrease was witnessed in infant mortality rate over the period. Correlation studies showed that the top three indicators most related to infant mortality were knowledge of infectious disease prevention, knowledge of basic health skills, and knowledge of basic health concepts. The model with excellent precision was obtained after one-time model correction, and the model formula was Y(t)=84.905875 e((-0.071214(t-1))+7.149242 e^(0.061884(t-1))+84.257955. Conclusion Shanghai’s infant health management policy proves effective and remains in a leading position in China. Residents’ health literacy and its indicators can affect infant mortality to a certain extent. Nursing teams in Shanghai should carry out targeted health education to improve residents’ health literacy level and gradually achieve the goal of reducing infant mortality.