高碳基土壤修复肥对不同采收期邵阳烤烟上六片质量的影响

Effects of high-carbon soil remediation fertilizer on the quality of upper leaf flue-cured tobacco in Shaoyang at different harvesting periods

为改善邵阳烟区上部叶的品质,探究适宜于当地的采收时期,以云烟87为试验材料,研究了高碳基肥对不同采收期烤烟上六片理化指标和感官质量的影响。结果表明,同一采收期高碳基肥的施入,烤前杀青样质体色素含量较常规施肥处理均有增加,延后7 d采收(T2处理)的叶绿素a含量增加93.77%,延后14 d采收(T3处理)的叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量分别增加31.12%,77.79%和78.13%;与常规施肥相比,降低了烟叶的含梗率,最低达25.46%,叶质质量最多增加10.37%;烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量较常规施肥处理分别最多增加14.52%,19.75%和7.31%,氮碱比较常规处理(C1,C2,C3)分别增加22.16%,14.08%和17.51%,两糖比较常规处理最多增加8.43%;多酚物质含量和中性致香物质总量,较常规施肥均以延后14 d采收(T3处理)增加最多,分别增加13.24%和18.51%;感官质量评吸得分较常规处理最多高出3.21%。本试验条件下,高碳基肥的施入有利于提升烤烟的耐熟性和成熟度,以常规施肥延后采收7 d(C2处理)和高碳基施肥延后7~14 d(T2,T3处理)对提高上部烟叶品质具有显著的提升作用。

In order to improve the quality of the upper leaves in Shaoyang tobacco area and explore the suitable harvesting period of the local area,Yunyan 87 was used as the experimental material to study the effects of high carbon base fertilizer on physicochemical indexes and sensory quality of six slices of flue-cured tobacco at different harvest periods.The results showed that,with the application of highcarbon base fertilizer at the same harvest period,the content of plastid pigments before roasting increased compared with conventional fertilization treatment,and the content of chlorophyll a increased by 93.77%after harvesting 7 days later(T2 treatment).The content of chlorophyll b,β-carotene and lutein increased by 31.12%,77.79%and 78.13%after harvested 14 days later(T3 treatment).Compared with conventional fertilization,the application of high-carbon base fertilizer in the same harvest period reduced the stem bearing percentage of tobacco leaves with 25.46%at lowest,and the leaf weight increased by 10.37%at most.The contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium in tobacco leaf increased by 14.52%,19.75%and 7.31%,respectively.The ratio of nitrogen to alkali increased by 22.16%,14.08%and 17.51%compared with the treatments of C1,C2,C3.The ratio of two sugars increased by up to 8.43%.Compared with conventional fertilization,the content of polyphenols and the total amount of neutral aroma substances increased the most with 13.24%and 18.51%after 14 days of delayed harvest(T3 treatment).The sensory quality score was 3.21%higher than that of conventional fertilization.Under the condition of this experiment,the application of highcarbon base fertilizer was beneficial to improve the maturity of flue-cured tobacco.The conventional fertilization delayed harvesting for 7 d(C2 treatment)and the high carbon-based fertilization delayed harvesting for 7-14 d(T2,T3 treatment)had a significant effect on improving the quality of upper tobacco leaves.