生物炭配施海藻肥对连作植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟生长的影响

Effects of biochar combined with seaweed fertilizer on the physicochemical characteristics of continuous tobacco planting soil and flue-cured tobacco growth

为探究生物炭及海藻肥配合施用对连作条件下烤烟生长的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,分别设置连作、连作+生物炭、连作+海藻肥和连作+生物炭+海藻肥4个处理。研究结果表明:(1)生物炭配施海藻肥能有效提高烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累及根系发育,配施处理下,株高、茎围、最大叶面积、根系、根冠比和地上部干质量较CK分别显著提高了10.39%,18.50%,5.40%,64.78%,8.09%和52.44%;(2)生物炭配施海藻肥处理下土壤理化性状和微生态环境显著改善,与CK相比,土壤pH值和含水率分别提高了5.01%和22.84%;土壤速效养分碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾分别提高了28.28%,22.02%和56.93%;微生物量碳、氮和碳氮比分别提高了40.49%,14.92%和30.92%;细菌数量和细菌/真菌值分别是CK的4.78和29.41倍,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量分别显著降低了83.88%和66.67%;(3)生物炭配施海藻肥明显增强和改善烟叶光合作用、抗过氧化和渗透调节能力,相比于CK,Pn,Tr和Gs分别提高了21.82%,47.62%和56.60%,SOD,POD和CAT活性分别提高了9.68%,116.68%和106.86%,可溶性糖和蛋白含量分别提高了56.96%和38.94%;(4)生物炭和海藻肥配施能有效提高烤烟化学品质及经济效益,烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾含量及糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比较CK分别显著提高了18.34%,31.82%,22.40%,56.38%,17.72%和50.65%,烤烟产量、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例、均价和产值分别提高了18.61%,20.01%,19.92%,13.25%和34.11%。综合分析,生物炭配施海藻肥能有效改善连作植烟土壤环境,促进烤烟生长发育,提升烤烟品质和经济效益。

In order to explore the effect of combined application of biochar and seaweed fertilizer on the growth of flue-cured tobacco under continuous cropping conditions,Yunyan 87 flue-cured tobacco was used as the test material,and 4 treatments were set up including:continuous cropping,continuous cropping+biochar,continuous cropping+seaweed fertilizer and continuous cropping+biochar+seaweed fertilizer.The results showed as following:(1)Biochar combined with seaweed fertilizer could effectively improve the agronomic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and root development of flue-cured tobacco.Compared with the control treatment,flue-cured tobacco plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,root system,shoot dry weight and root shoot ratio were significantly increased by 10.39%,18.50%,5.40%,64.78%,8.09%and 52.44%respectively;(2)The physical and chemical properties of the soil and the micro-ecological environment were significantly improved under the treatment of biochar combined with seaweed fertilizer.Compared with the control,the pH value and water content of soil physical indexes increased by 5.01%and 22.84%,respectively.The soil available nutrients of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 28.28%,22.02%,and 56.93%.Microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,and carbon-nitrogen ratio increased by 40.49%,14.92%,and 30.92%.The number of bacteria and bacteria/fungus value were 4.78 times and 29.41,respectively,the number of fungi and Fusariumoxysporum was significantly reduced by 83.88%and 66.67%times of CK,respectively;(3)Biochar combined application seaweed fertilizer significantly enhanced and improved the photosynthesis,anti-peroxidation and osmotic adjustment capabilities of tobacco leaves.Compared with the control treatment,the Pn,Tr and Gs were significantly increased by 21.82%,47.62%and 56.60%,respectively.The SOD,POD and CAT enzyme activities were significantly increased by 9.68%,116.68%and 106.86%,respectively.Soluble sugar and protein content significantly increased by 56.96%and 38.94%,respectively;(4)The combined application of biochar and seaweed fertilizer could effectively improve the chemical quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.Compared with the control treatment,the total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium content and sugar-to-base ratio,nitrogen-to-base ratio and potassium chloride in tobacco leaves significantly increased by 18.34%,31.82%,22.40%,56.38%,17.72%and 50.65%,respectively.The output of flue-cured tobacco,the proportion of first-class tobacco,the proportion of upper-class and upper-medium tobacco,the average price and the output value increased significantly by 18.61%,20.01%,19.92%,13.25%and 34.11%,respectively.Comprehensive analysis shows that biochar combined with seaweed fertilizer can effectively improve the soil environment for continuous tobacco planting,promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,and improve the quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.