测绘领域中常用坐标系统及其转换计算

The commonly used earth coordinate system and its transformation calculation in surveying and mapping fields

为精准描述地球表面点的位置,需要建立精确的地球坐标系统.本文阐述了目前我国测绘类专业领域经常使用的四种地球坐标系统:1954北京坐标系、国家80坐标系、WGS84坐标系以及CGCS2000坐标系,详尽地描述了坐标系统建立的四种常用椭球的几何参数,厘清了建立在椭球基础上的3种本质相同形式不同的坐标系,以及坐标系之间的转换模型,最后针对吉林建筑大学GNSS实训场地建设的成果进行了坐标转换的实例计算.

In order to accurately describe the location of points on the earth’s surface,it is necessary to establish an accurate earth coordinate system.The four kinds of earth coordinate systems were summarized as follows:1954 Beijing coordinate system,national 80 coordinate system,WGS84 coordinate system and CGCS2000 coordinate system.The geometrical parameters of four kinds of ellipsoid commonly used in the establishment of the coordinate system were described in detail and the three coordinate systems based on the ellipsoid which are the same in essence but different in form were clarifed.The transformation model between coordinate systems was described more clearly.Finally,the calculations of coordinate transformation of the achievements of GNSS training site construction in Jilin Jianzhu university were carried out.