基于BLUP值的大粒花生农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析

Correlation and path analysis of agronomic traits and yield of peanut varieties with large-pod based on BLUP value

分析大粒花生品种农艺性状与产量的关系,为高产花生育种提供有效指导。本研究以2017年全国北方片区大粒花生区试为基础数据,利用ASReml软件的混合线性模型,获取各试点每个基因型的最佳线性无偏预测值(Best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP),进行可视化相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:BLUP数据去除了环境的误差,更接近于真实育种值。单株饱果数的变异系数最大为34.47%;各性状与产量的相关系数由大到小依次为:百果重(r=0.6695^(***))>百仁重(r=0.6658^(***))>侧枝长(r=0.4289^(***))>总分枝数(r=0.3774^(***))>主茎高(r=0.3383^(***))>出米率(r=0.2941***)>单株结果数(r=0.2571^(***))>结果枝数(r=0.2340^(**))>饱果数(r=0.1457^(*))>生育期(r=0.0212);通径分析显示,百果重(p=0.3839)和总分枝数(p=0.3476)对产量的直接通径系数较大,说明它们是影响大粒花生产量的关键性状。因此,在选育高产大粒花生新品种时要重点做好对百果重和总分枝数的选择。

The relationship between agronomic traits and yield of peanut cultivars was analyzed to prolide effective guidance for high yield breeding.Based on the peanut pod yield data of regional trials in north of China in 2017,the best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all genotypes in each testing site was obtained by mixed linear model of ASReml software.Then the visual correlation analysis and path analysis were performed with those BLUP data.The results showed that the BLUP data was closer to the true breeding value and environmental errors were removed.The maximum coefficient of variation of the mature pod number per plant was 34.47%.The correlation coefficients of the traits with yield,from large to small,were as follows:100-pod weight(r=0.6695^(***))>100-seed weight(r=0.6658^(***))>lateral branch length(r=0.4289^(***))>total branches number(r=0.3774^(***))>main stem height(r=0.3383^(***))>shelling percentage(r=0.2941^(***))>pod number(r=0.2571^(***))>branches number with pods(r=0.2340**)>Full pod number(r=0.1457*)>growth period(r=0.0212).The path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient of 100-pod weight(p=0.3839)and total branches number(p=0.3476)were larger,indicating that they were the key traits that affected the yield of large-pod peanuts.Therefore,it was necessary to focus on the selection of 100-pod weight and total branches number in the high yield breeding practice of peanut with large-pod.