丛枝菌根真菌对基质栽培叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥用量的减施效果

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage in Substrate Cultivation of Lettuce and Spinach

过量施用氮肥会降低作物品质且危害环境,如何在不减产的情况下降低氮肥施用量成为农业发展中亟待解决的问题。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi,AMF)在促进植物营养吸收及生长发育方面发挥积极作用,具有替代氮肥的应用潜力。本试验以叶用莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.var.ramose Hort.)与菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为研究对象,分别设置8个不同氮肥用量处理与5个不同AMF菌剂用量处理,筛选出叶用莴苣和菠菜生长最好的纯氮用量分别为6.0 kg·hm^(-2)和8.0 kg·hm^(-2),AMF用量分别为200 g·kg^(-1)和175 g·kg^(-1)。用AMF替代不同比例的氮肥用量,研究AMF对叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥用量的减施效果。结果表明,基质栽培条件下,在不降低全株鲜质量的前提下,基质中分别添加200 g·kg^(-1)和175 g·kg^(-1) AMF可减少叶用莴苣40%和菠菜60%的氮肥用量,即叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥用量分别为3.6 kg·hm^(-2)和3.2 kg·hm^(-2)时,植株生长不受影响。试验结果为叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥减施和高品质栽培提供了新途径。

Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will reduce crop quality and harm environment.How to reduce the nitrogen fertilizer applying dosage without reduction of output has become an issue urgently to be solved for agriculture development.Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi(AMF)plays a positive role in promoting plant nutrient absorption,growth and development,and yet has the potential of replacing nitrogen fertilizer.Taking lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.ramose Hort.)and spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)as research objects,this experiment set up 8 treatments with different nitrogen fertilizer dosage and 5 treatments with different AMF use level,respectively.This experiment screened out the best dosages of pure nitrogen fertilizer for lettuce and spinach growth being 6.0 kg·hm^(-2) and 8.0 kg·hm^(-2),respectively and the best use level of AMF were 200 g·kg^(-1) and 175 g·kg^(-1),respectively.Then AMF was used to replace the nitrogen fertilizer in different proportions.Afterwards,the paper studied the effect of AMF on reducing nitrogen fertilizer dosage in lettuce and spinach.The results showed that under the condition of substrate cultivation and on the premise of not reducing lettuce and spinach fresh weight,adding 200 g·kg^(-1) and 175 g·kg^(-1) AMF,respectively could reduce 40%and 60%nitrogen fertilizer dosage in lettuce and spinach production,respectively.That is,the nitrogen fertilizer dosages were 3.6 kg·hm^(-2) for lettuce and 3.2 kg·hm^(-2) for spinach,their plant growth were unaffected.The experiment result provided a new way for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application in lettuce and spinach and for high-quality cultivation as well.