功名天下何为重——从《列子·杨朱》中的对比项来看

What is the most important thing in the world:From the contrast in Yang Zhu of Liezi

杨朱一派为了阐释思想的需要,常常列举表示对比、对抗、相反观点的词汇,如大小之辨、公私之说、名实之辨(伪实对比)、生死对比、苦乐之辨、圣凶对比等等。从《列子》中的《杨朱篇》,《吕氏春秋》中的《本生》《重己》《贵生》篇及《庄子》中的《让王》《渔夫》《说剑》和《盗跖》篇来看,无论是人物对比,还是一般描述性的对比,还是直接的价值判断对比,杨朱一派思想都集中突出了对功名天下的疏离批判,对个体生命的顺任维护,凸显了人的生存意义和现实意义。

Out of the need for explaining thoughts,the school of Yang Zhu often applied words that express contrastive,antagonistic and opposing views,such as the differentiation of big and small,the theory of public and private,the contrast of name and reality,the contrast of life and death,the cognition of pain and pleasure,and the contrast of holy and evil.Based on Yang Zhu in Lie Zi,Bensheng,Guisheng,Chongji in Lüshi Chunqiu,and Rangwang,Yüfu,Shuojian and Daozhi in Zhuang Zi,whether the comparison is on characters,general descriptions,or direct value judgments,Yang Zhu School's thoughts centrally focus on the indifferent criticism of fame-chasing and the maintenance of individual life,which reveals the significance of human existence and reality.