5种苹果野生资源果实香气物质的分析

Analysis of Aroma Components in Five Wild Apple Resources

以苹果系楸子(Malus prunifolia)、海棠花(Malus spectabilis)、西府海棠(Malus micromalus)、花红(Malus asiatica)和新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)5个野生苹果种为材料,以甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)为溶剂,进行香气物质的提取,并基于气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对香气物质进行分离和鉴定。结果表明:5种材料中共鉴定出27种香气物质,其中醇类6种、醛类7种、酯类4种、有机酸4种、萜烯2种和苯衍生物4种。其中反式-2-己烯醛、辛酸、α-法呢烯、苯酚以及对甲苯酚是5个野生苹果果实中共有的香气物质。这5种苹果野生资源果实的香气物质主要是以清香型的反式-2-己烯醛等醛类物质为主,但酯类和醇类也是构成不同种苹果特异香气的重要呈香物质。从特征香气组分来看,有8种是5个野生苹果种果实香气成分共有的特征香气,分别是法呢醇、己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、辛醛、壬醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、乙酸丁酯、己酸己酯。其中海棠花的特征香气物质有6种,西府海棠的特征香气物质有5种,新疆野苹果和楸子的特征香气物质有4种,花红苹果的特征香气物质有2种。

Malus prunifolia,Malus spectabilis,Malus micromalus,Malus asiatica and Malus sieversii were used as materials in this experiment,MTBE was used as solvent to extract aroma substances,and GC-MS was used to separate and identify aroma substances.The results showed that 27 aroma compounds were identified in 5 materials,including 6 alcohols,7 aldehydes,4 esters,4 organic acids,2 terpenes and 4 benzene derivatives.Among them,trans-2-hexenal,octanoic acid,α-farnese,phenol and p-cresol were the common aroma compounds in fruits of the five wild applespecies.The main aroma components of these five wild apple resources were trans-2-hexenal and other aldehydes,but esters and alcohols were also important aroma components of specific aroma in different apples.From the perspective of characteristic aroma components,there were eight kinds of characteristic aroma components shared by five wild apple species,namely farnesol,hexanal,trans-2-hexenal,octanal,nonanal,trans-2-decenenal,butyl acetate,hexyl hexanoate.Among them,there were 6 kinds of characteristic aroma substances of Malus spectabilis,5 kinds of characteristic aroma substances of Malus micromalus,4 kinds of characteristic aroma substances of Malus sieversii and Malus prunifolia,and 2 kinds of characteristic aroma substances of Malus asiatica.