平和县琯溪蜜柚施肥状况调查及施肥建议

Survey on Fertilization Status and Suggestion on Fertilization of Pomelo‘Guanximiyou’in Pinghe County

为解决琯溪蜜柚生产中存在的盲目不合理施肥现象,促进琯溪蜜柚生产减肥提质增效,减少因滥施化肥造成的面源污染,2015-2019年在平和县开展琯溪蜜柚施肥状况调查。调查结果表明:平和县琯溪蜜柚施肥管理较为粗放,氮磷施肥量偏大。具体表现有:1、有机肥施用量两极分化;2、钾肥、钙肥及镁肥施用量不足,树体缺镁症状明显;3、磷肥施用量及比例偏高。针对性的施肥建议有:1、改变错误施肥观念,提高施肥的针对性,减少施用量;2、选择适宜时期施肥,减少施肥次数;3、改进施肥方式,实行沟施、深施,根部密集范围内施肥;4.实施果园生草栽培,提高土壤有机质含量,及提升土壤理化性状。促使果农减肥节本、蜜柚果品提质、增产增收,达到减少面源污染的良好效果。

In order to solve the phenomenon of blind and u nre asonable fertilization in the production of pomelo’Guanximiyou’,promote the reduced fertilizer application,improve quality and efficiency,and reduce the non-point source pollution caused by excessive chemical fertilizer application,the survey of fertilization status of’Guanximiyou’was carried out in Pinghe County between2015-2019.The survey results showed that there are relatively extensive management of fertilization and excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for’Guanximiyou’in Pinghe County.Specific manifestations are shown as follows:1.Organic fertilizer application amount polarized;2.Potassium fertilizer,calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer application amount were insufficient and trees had obvious magnesium deficiency symptoms;3.High dosage and proportion of phosphate fertilizer was applied.Targeted fertilization suggestions include:1.We should change the wrong concept of fertilization,improve fertilization pertinence and reduce application volume;2.Appropriate fertilization period should be chosen and the times of fertilization should be reduced;3.Fertilization methods would be improved,including fertilization in ploughed furrow,deep placement and fertilization in dense range of root;4.Sod cultivation in orchard should be conducted to improve soil organic matter content and soil physicochemical properties.These suggestions could promote fruit farmers to reduce fertilizer application and save cost,improve fruit quality,increase fruit yield and farmers’income and then achieve a good effect of reducing non-point source pollution.