高原地区小于胎龄儿与母源高危因素的相关性

Relationship between maternal risk factors and small for gestational age infants in the plateau

目的探讨高原地区西藏那曲市小于胎龄儿的发生率及其与孕晚期母源高危因素的相关性。方法选取2018年6月至2019年6月那曲市人民医院分娩的孕妇及单胎新生儿作为研究对象。采用回顾性分析的方法查阅病志收集孕妇及胎儿相关数据。根据胎儿体质量及对应胎龄、性别分为小于胎龄儿(SGA)组和适于胎龄儿(AGA)组。采用二元logistic回归分析SGA新生儿发生率与母源高危因素的相关性。结果那曲市人民医院新生儿SGA发生率为18.83%,较东部平原地区高。与AGA组比较,SGA组孕妇分娩前身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、血尿酸及胎儿性别有明显差异(均P<0.05)。矫正年龄、产次后二元logistic回归分析显示,孕妇身高矮、分娩前低体质量、低BMI、低空腹血糖、高尿酸血症均可以增加SGA的发生率。结论高原地区母亲身高矮、孕晚期母亲低体质量、低BMI、低空腹血糖、高尿酸血症都可以增加SGA发生率。

Objective To investigate the correlation between the incidence of small for gestational age(SGA)infants and maternal factors in the third trimester of pregnancy in Nagqu,Tibet.Methods Pregnant women and single neonates who were born in Nagqu People’s Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected as study participants.The data of pregnant women and fetuses were collected retrospectively.According to fetal birth weight,the infants were divided into SGA group and appropriate for gestational age(AGA)group.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between the incidence of SGA neonates and maternal factors.Results The incidence of SGA neonates in Nagqu People’s Hospital was 18.83%,which was higher than that in the eastern plain.There were significant differences between the SGA and AGA groups in terms of maternal height,body weight,body mass index(BMI),fasting blood glucose,blood uric acid,and fetal sex(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis after correction of age and number of births showed that maternal short height,low weight before delivery,low BMI,low fasting glucose,and hyperuricemia in pregnant women can increase the incidence of SGA.Conclusion In the plateau,the incidence of SGA can be increased by maternal short height,low maternal body weight,low BMI in the third trimester,low fasting blood glucose,and hyperuricemia in pregnancy.