具身理论的空间模型与日常生活中的人类学实践

A Space Model of Embodiment Theory and Anthropological Practice in Daily Life

本研究借鉴"实践中的认知"理论(cognition in practice)分析中国西南景颇族祭师如何承载信仰传统,据此提出具身理论(embodiment)的一个空间模型。该模型分三层:第一层祭师进入家族谱系空间,此为获取秘传知识的前提;第二层,进入仪式空间,使祭师的感知、话语和知识传统一致;第三层,进入神话空间,将祭师的精神和情感化入知识体系。基于此模型,本文对比分析了人类学家在自己身上呈现学科精神的过程,进而探讨如何在日常生活中实践人类学。本研究在统一的视野中理解他者(景颇族祭师)和自我(人类学家),并兼顾抽离和投入的方法论差异:以超然的身份研究祭师,考察结构下的力量和过程;以投入的状态从事教学,承载行动的道德和情绪后果。本文认为,人类学研究最终需要进入研究者的日常生活,而日常生活的人类学是人类学家与自己的合作民族志:投入的自我与抽离的自我相互合作。并置理论模型、他者生活与身边日常,可理解日常实践如何既带有理性的明晰,又凸显出生命的质感。

This study makes analysis on how the Jingpo priest in southwest China inherit the religious tradition based on the theory of "cognition in practice", and proposes a spatial model of embodiment theory. The model is divided into three layers: the first layer priest enters the family genealogy space, which is the premise of obtaining secret knowledge;the second layer is entry into the ritual space, so as to align the priest’s perception, discourse and knowledge tradition;the third layer is entry into the mythological space to integrate the priest’s spirit and emotion into the knowledge system. Based on this model, this paper compares and analyzes the process of anthropologists presenting their disciplinary spirit in themselves, and further discusses how to practice anthropology in their daily life. This study therefore understands others(Jingpo priest) and self(anthropologist) in a unified perspective, and at the same time concerns the methodological differences in detachment and involvement;studies the priest from a detached perspective, while investigates the power and process under the structure;engages in teaching in a state of involvement, shouldering the moral and emotional consequences of action. This paper believes that anthropological research ultimately requires to enter the daily life of the researcher, and that the anthropology of daily life is the ethnography of anthropologists’ cooperating with themselves: the self of involvement cooperates with the self of detachment.To combine theoretical model, others’ life and daily life together can allow us understand how daily practice has both rational clarity, and also been filled with real life substances.