青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民食物消费结构与特征

The structure and characteristics of resident food consumption in rural areas of the Tibetan Plateau:Taking Three-Rivers Region in Tibet as an example

居民食物消费受自然地理环境、城镇化等因素影响,同时通过市场机制影响区域粮食安全和农牧业发展。以西藏"一江两河"地区为例,基于分层抽样,通过2019年实地入户调研,获取了262户农村居民上年度食物消费数据,对青藏高原农区居民的食物消费结构及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)样本内居民的植物性食物的消费量是动物性食物的3.19倍,植物性食物以蔬菜和粮食为主,动物性食物以肉类和牛奶为主;青稞及青稞酒在藏民饮食中占有重要地位。(2)居民食物消费规模和结构与食物自给率指标密切相关,自给自足特征显著。(3)不同地区、家庭规模、务工规模、收入水平以及家庭年龄之间,居民的家庭食物消费结构均有所差异,且不同家庭之间面粉和水果的消费差异最显著。(4)区域差异、家庭规模类型和家庭务工规模是影响样本农区居民食物消费综合差异的主要因素。结果可为青藏高原地区居民食物消费结构改善、膳食营养提升以及农牧业转型发展提供科学基础和决策借鉴。

Resident food consumption is affected by factors such as the natural geographic environment and urbanization.At the same time,food consumption will affect regional food security and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry through market mechanisms.Taking the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries of Tibet(also known as Three-Rivers Region)as a typical case,this paper obtained the food consumption data of 262 rural residents by field surveys based on stratified sampling,and then analyzed the food consumption structure of the rural residents and its influencing factors in the Tibetan Plateau.The results indicated that:(1)The consumption of plant foods of the residents in the sample is 3.19 times that of animal foods,with vegetable and grain as the main plant food and meat and milk as the main animal food.And highland barley and highland barley liquor are important in the diet of Tibetans.(2)The scale and structure of food consumption of residents are closely related to the index of food self-sufficiency,and the characteristics of self-sufficient food consumption are significant.(3)Among different regions,family sizes,scales of migrant worker,income levels and family ages,the food consumption structure of residents varies,and the differences in the consumption of flour and fruits between different families are the most significant.(4)Regional differences,family sizes and migrant worker scales are the main factors that affect the comprehensive difference of food consumption in the sample rural areas.The research results of the paper can provide scientific basis and guidance suggestions for the improvement of food consumption structure,promotion of dietary nutrition and transformation and development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tibetan Plateau.