2018-2020年中山市急性呼吸道感染患儿的流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological characteristics of Children with Acute Respiratory tract infection in Zhongshan City from 2018 to 2020

目的通过分析急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道病毒的分布情况,为疾病的临床诊治和预防提供依据。方法收集2018年3月至2020年3月中山市博爱医院收治的急性呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽拭子,使用直接免疫荧光法对7种呼吸道病毒进行病原学联合检测,对检测结果进行性别、季节及年龄层分布分析。结果共收集20264份样本,总体阳性率为20.10%,其中呼吸道合胞病毒检出率最高(12.67%),占总体阳性结果的60.33%,检出率最低为副流感病毒Ⅰ型(0.07%);男患儿总体呼吸道病毒检出率与女患儿的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但男患儿呼吸道合胞病毒检出率(2.78%)明显高于女患儿(1.63%)(P<0.05);呼吸道合胞病毒春夏季检出率高于秋、冬季(P<0.05),副流感病毒Ⅲ型在春、冬季检出率高于夏、秋季(P<0.05),而腺病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒Ⅰ和Ⅱ型季节性分布差异并不显著;从整体检出率看,不同年龄层的总体阳性检出率存在差异,0~2岁的患儿检出率高于其他年龄层(P<0.05)。结论中山市博爱医院呼吸道感染患儿中最常见的病毒为呼吸道合胞病毒,性别、季节和年龄等因素可能影响呼吸道病毒的分布,应据此采取针对性的防治策略和手段。

Objective To analyze the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection in our hospital,so as to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of diseases.Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute respiratory infection in Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital from March 2018 to March 2020 were collected and detected by direct immunofluorescence.Seven kinds of viruses were detected,and the sex,seasonality and age distribution of the results were analyzed.Results A total of 20264 samples were collected,and the overall positive rate was 20.10%.Among them,the positive rate of RSV was the highest(12.67%),accounting for 60.33%of the total positive results.The lowest positive rate was PIV I(0.07%).The overall positive rate of respiratory virus in male children was not significantly different from that in female children(P>0.05),but the positive rate of ADV in boys(2.78%)was significantly higher than that in girls(1.63%)(P<0.05).The positive rate of RSV in spring and summer was higher than that in autumn and winter(P<0.05).The positive rate of PIVⅢin spring and winter was higher than that in summer and autumn(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in seasonal distribution of ADV,Flu,PIVⅠandⅡ.There were differences in the overall positive rate among different age groups.The positive rate of children aged 0-2 years old was higher than that of other age groups(P<0.05).Conclusion RSV is the most common virus in children with respiratory infection in our hospital.Sex,seasonality and age can affect the distribution of respiratory virus,we should make targeted prevention and control strategies and means accordingly.