播期对饲料大豆生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Date on Growth,Development and Yield of Feed Soybean

【目的】探明饲料大豆黔饲豆1号半野生型大豆的适宜播期,为贵州省饲料大豆的高产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,研究4月15日、4月30日、5月15日、5月30日、6月15日和6月30日6个播期对饲料大豆黔饲豆1号半野生型大豆生长发育及产量的影响。【结果】播期对饲料大豆的生物产量及农艺性状均有明显影响,其中对生物产量、株高、茎粗和主茎节数的影响达显著或极显著水平,随着播期的延迟,生物产量、茎粗和主茎节数呈显著下降趋势,有效分枝数差异不显著,无明显的变化规律;不同播期生物产量依次为4月30日播种>4月15日播种>5月15日播种>5月30日播种>6月15日播种>6月30日播种,4月30日播种生物产量最高,达23345 kg/hm^(2),6月30日播种生物产量最低,为3654 kg/hm^(2);经相关性分析,饲料大豆的生物产量与株高呈极显著正相关,与主茎节数、有效分枝数和茎粗均呈显著正相关。【结论】黔饲豆1号在贵阳的适宜播期为4月中下旬,其株高、茎粗、主茎节数和有效分枝数均相对表现较优,生物产量最高达23345 kg/hm^(2),播期过晚其生物产量降低。

【Objective】In order to provide the scientific basis for high-yield cultivation of feed soybean in Guizhou Province,the suitable sowing date of feed soybean Qiansidou 1,a semi-wild soybean,is explored.【Method】The effects of six different sowing date(April 15,April 30,May 15,May 30,June 15 and June 30)on growth,development and yield of feed soybean Qiansidou 1(a semi-wild soybean)are studied by using field experiment method.【Result】The sowing date has significant effect on the biological yield and agronomic traits of feed soybean,among which the effects on the biological yield,plant height,stem thickness and main stem node number reach a significant or extremely significant level.With the delay of sowing date,the biological yield,stem thickness and main stem node number show a decreasing trend.There is no significant difference in effective branches without obvious variation rules.The biological yield of soybean sowing on different date follows sowing on April 30>sowing on April 15>sowing on May 15>sowing on May 30>sowing on June 15>sowing on June 30.The biological yield of soybean sowing on April 30 is the highest,reaching 23345 kg/hm^(2),while the biological yield of soybean sowing on June 30 is the lowest with 3654 kg/hm^(2).The correlation analysis shows that the biological yield of feed soybean is positively and very significantly correlated with the plant height,and is positively and significantly correlated with the main stem node number,effective branches and stem thickness.【Conclusion】The suitable sowing date of Qiansidou 1 is in mid-late April in Guiyang,which the plant height,stem thickness,main stem node number and effective branches perform well,and the biological yield is up to 23345 kg/hm^(2),and the late sowing date results in the reduction of biological yield.