乌江流域红尾副鳅人工驯养试验初报

Preliminary Report on Artificial Domestication of Paracobitis variegatus from Wujiang River Basin

【目的】探明红尾副鳅人工驯养条件下的生长特点及其鱼病防治技术,为红尾副鳅的驯养提供理论与实践依据。【方法】利用栖息地水源进行初夏、盛夏与初秋条件下的水簇箱充氧遮阴驯养;投喂环毛蚓属青蚓(Pheretima guillelmi)、赤子爱胜蚓太平二号(Eisenia foetida)、黄粉虫、黑水虻以及通威大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)等饲料;驯养水温15~18℃;用高锰酸钾对鱼体进行药浴消毒,鱼病用二氧化氯、聚维酮碘及五黄散等药剂进行防治。【结果】红尾副鳅喜食黄粉虫,适宜生长水温15~18℃;驯养60 d的成活率为51.85%,鱼体体长增长率为10.80%,鱼体体重增重率为11.83%,红尾副鳅体长与体重的相关关系为W=0.0002 L^(2.2783)(n=98,R^(2)=0.8105),雌雄红尾副鳅的体长与体重差异不显著;驯养过程中主要发生细菌性(应激性)出血病与小瓜虫病,治疗效果不理想,发病鳅拒食快,死亡率高。【结论】在驯养水温15~18℃、水簇箱全程充氧、饲养黄粉虫及适当防治和治疗鱼病的条件下,人工驯养红尾副鳅成活率可达84%。研究为红尾副鳅人工驯化与种质资源保护积累了基础数据。

【Objective】The growth characteristic and disease control technique of Paracobitis variegatus are studied under the artificial domestication condition to provide the theoretical and practical basis for domestication of P.variegatus.【Method】The tested P.variegatus are disinfected with potassium permanganate by a medicated bath at first and raised in water clusters at 15~18℃ under the oxygenation and shading condition in early summer,midsummer and early autumn.The fodder includes Pheretima guillelmi,Eisenia foetida,Tenebriomolitor,Hermetia illucens and Paramisgurnus dabryanus.Chlorine dioxide,Povidone iodine and Wuhuang powder are used as the drugs to control fish diseases.【Result】The survival rate,standard length growth rate and body weight gain rate of P.variegatus fed with Tenebriomolitor at 15~18℃ for 60 d are 51.85%,10.80% and 11.83% respectively.The relationship between standard length and body weight of P.variegatus is W=0.0002 L^(2.2783)(n=98,R^(2)=0.8105).There are no significant differences in standard length and body weight between male and female P.variegatus.There is bacterial hemorrhagic disease and ichthyophthiriasis during the domestication process and the mortality of diseased P.variegatus is higher.【Conclusion】The survival rate of artificially domesticated P.variegatus fed with Tenebriomolitor in water clusters at 15~18℃ under the conditions of oxygenation,shading and drug application reaches 84%.The accumulated basic data can be used in artificial domestication and genetic resource conservation of P.variegatus.