典型合金循环利用研究进展及挑战

Research progress and challenges in recycling of typical alloys

作为关键基础材料,高性能合金在高端装备制造、新能源等战略性新兴产业中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着我国战略性新兴产业的发展壮大,对合金材料的需求将大幅增加。合金材料的制备需要消耗大量金属矿产资源,特别是涉及多种稀缺金属。与此同时,废旧合金的社会累积量逐年增加,影响生态环境。因此,如何协调资源、发展和环境之间的关系成为国际研究热点,发展循环经济被认为是实现可持续发展的重要出路。硬质合金、轻质合金和高温合金在国民经济和国防领域具有广泛且重要的应用,本文以碳化钨硬质合金、轻质铝合金和高温镍基合金三类典型合金为研究对象,系统分析了其资源储备、废料特点和回收再利用现状,并对典型合金循环利用未来发展方向进行了展望。

As one kind of critical basic materials,high-performance alloys play a vital role in high-end equipment manufacturing,new energy and other strategic emerging industries.With the development and growth of strategic emerging industries in China,demands for alloy materials with high performance will increase substantially.However,preparation of alloy materials needs to consume a large amount of metal mineral resources,which includes various scare metals.At the same time,the social accumulation of scrap alloys will increase year by year,resulting in ecological problems.Therefore,how to achieve coordinated development among resource,development and environment has become an international research hotspot.Circular economy has been considered to be an important way to achieve sustainable development.Cemented carbides,lightweight alloys and high temperature alloys have a wide range of important applications in national economy and defense construction.In this paper,three typical alloys including tungsten carbide cemented carbide,lightweight aluminum alloys and high temperature nickel based alloys were selected,and their resource reserves,scrap characteristics and recycling technologies were systematically analyzed.Finally,the prospective of alloying recycling in the future was given.