电石制备清洁生产和工程化研究进展

Research progress on cleaner production and engineering of calcium carbide preparation

我国电石产量位居世界第一,电石生产已成为我国化工领域的重要环节。电热法是目前工业上应用最广的电石生产方法,但由于其高能耗、高污染、高投入、低产出等诸多弊端,如何对传统电石工艺进行转型升级改造,发展节能降耗、原料及附加产品综合高效利用的大型一体化电石产业链成为了时下研究的热点。氧热法具有能耗低、物耗低、能效高、污染少的特点,已经成为替代电热法生产电石的新选择。为此,本文围绕氧热法煤制电石工艺、煤制电石多联产技术、电石清洁生产三方面对煤制电石新工艺进行综述,对国内外氧热法制电石研究进展进行总结分析。在此基础上文章对煤制电石与化工/动力系统多联产工艺和电石渣综合利用与废气捕集技术路线进行了分析与讨论,并对进一步值得研究的重点方向进行了展望,为煤制电石清洁高效生产的理论研究、工程实践、系统运行提供了参考。

China is the biggest calcium carbide production country in the world,and the calcium carbide production is an important part of chemical industry.Currently,the electric-thermal method is the most widely used industrial calcium carbide production method.But due to its high energy consumption,high pollution,high investment,low output,and many other disadvantages,the traditional calcium carbide industry is in urgent need of process upgrading.It is becoming a research hotspot to develop large-scale integrated calcium carbide industry chain with energy saving,consumption reduction,comprehensive and efficient utilization of raw materials and additional product.Oxygen-thermal method has the characteristics of low energy consumption,low material consumption,high efficiency and less pollution,which is a promising new method to replace electro-thermal method.In this paper,the new technology of calcium carbide from coal is reviewed,including the technology of oxygen-thermal coal to calcium carbide production,the coal to calcium carbide polygeneration system and the clean production of calcium carbide.The research progress of oxygen-thermal calcium carbide method is summarized.Then,the coal to calcium carbide and chemical/power system polygeneration process,as well as the technical routes of carbide slag comprehensive utilization and waste gas trap are discussed and analyzed.The further worthy research directions are also prospected.It is of great significance for the theoretical research,engineering practice and system operation of the clean and high-efficiency calcium carbide production.