基于可交易出行路票的城市交通需求管理

Tradable Credits Scheme for Urban Travel Demand Management

可交易出行路票作为近年兴起的交通需求管理新思路持续受到学者的密切关注和深入研究。本文结合2016年以来利用可交易出行路票进行城市交通需求管理方面的研究进展,从可交易出行路票的公众接受度、出行管理建模分析以及基于组合手段的交通管理机制研究等3方面进行文献综述和分析。研究表明:5年前关于可交易出行路票的研究主要围绕可交易出行路票的理论建模或仿真分析展开;近5年来面向可交易出行路票的理论研究更加宽广和深入,面向应用层面的研究也更加受到关注。然而,现有大多数研究仍缺乏从实际应用的可实施角度进行深入研究和探讨,在此基础上,本文进一步对可交易出行路票的定义以及蕴含的4个关键要素:出行路票的发放总量、初始发放方案、收取方案和路票市场交易机制进行综述和分析,指出不足之处并给出可交易出行路票定义、4个关键要素以及交易方案层面的主观理解和认识,强调对这些基本要素不仅需从实际应用角度来厘清和重新认识这4个关键要素的内涵、作用范围和相互作用关系,还需要结合具体城市实际情况和交通管理目标进一步研究与分析。最后,对可交易出行路票的热点研究问题进行总结和展望,强调关于可交易出行路票对出行者个体行为的影响分析,基于碳中和发展路径的可交易出行路票量化交易技术等方面是今后重点关注的研究方向。

As an emerging approach for travel demand management,the tradable credits scheme(TCS)has received close attention and been deeply studied.This paper reviews and analyses the TCS researches in terms of public acceptance,mobility management modelling,and integrated traffic management mechanism based on the research progress of TCS on urban travel demand management in the recent five years from 2016.Comparing to the modelling and/or simulation based TCS studies five years ago,the current TCS studies focus more on the practical applications.However,the application feasibility has not been well considered in most of the TCS studies.This paper further analyses the definition of TCS and four key factors including the determination of total number of credits,initial allocation of credits,credits charging scheme,and the credits trading mechanism.The shortcomings in current TCS studies are reviewed and the key factors of TCS are presented based on the authors'understandings.It is proposed to understand the interactions,essences and functional field of the four key factors of TCS,and the specific feature of the city and the traffic management characteristics should be considered in the TCS studies.This paper also points out the areas or topics that are worth studying in the near future,for example,the impact of TCS on individual travel behaviour.The quantitative trading techniques of TCS for carbon neutral are recommended as one of key research directions.