幼儿教师职业认同、情绪劳动与职业幸福感的关系

Relationship among occupational identity,emotional labor and occupational happiness of preschool teachers

目的:探讨幼儿教师职业幸福感的现状以及幼儿教师的职业认同、情绪劳动对其影响机制。方法:选取北京市的幼儿教师560名为研究对象,用幼儿教师职业认同量表、幼儿教师情绪劳动量表和幼儿教师职业幸福感量表进行问卷调查。结果:幼儿教师职业幸福感总分处于中等偏上水平(M=3.97);幼儿教师的职业认同总分与职业幸福感总分呈显著正相关(r=0.65,P<0.05);幼儿教师的职业幸福感总分与情绪劳动中的自然扮演和深层扮演呈显著正相关(r=0.51,0.53;P<0.01),幼儿教师的职业幸福感总分与表层扮演呈显著负相关(r=-0.13,P<0.01);幼儿教师的职业认同总分可以显著地正向预测职业幸福感总分(β=1.52,P<0.01);情绪劳动中的表层扮演可以显著地负向预测职业幸福感总分(β=-0.20,P<0.01),自然扮演和深层扮演可以显著地正向预测职业幸福感总分(β=0.29,0.33;P<0.01);情绪劳动中的自然扮演和深层扮演在幼儿教师职业认同与职业幸福感中间有着部分中介效应的作用。结论:幼儿教师的职业认同和情绪劳动都会影响其职业幸福感。幼儿教师的职业认同会影响其情绪劳动策略的使用,主要是自然扮演和深层扮演,进而影响其职业幸福感。

Objective:To explore the current situation of preschool teachers’ occupational happiness, the influencing mechanism of preschool teachers’ occupational identity and emotional labor with it.Methods:A total of 560 preschool teachers in Beijing were selected as research objects, and questionnaires were conducted using the preschool teacher occupational identity scale, preschool teacher emotional labor scale and preschool teacher occupational well-being scale.Results:Descriptive statistics showed that the total score of preschool teachers’ occupational happiness was above the average level.Correlation analysis showed that the total occupational identity score had a significantly positive correlation between the total occupational happiness score of preschool teachers and the natural and deep acting in emotional labor, while the total occupational happiness score of preschool teachers had a significantly negative correlation with surface acting.Regression analysis showed that the total score of occupational identity of preschool teachers, the natural and deep acting of emotional labor could significantly and positively predict the total score of occupational happiness.While surface acting could significantly and negatively predict the total score of occupational happiness.Mediation analysis showed that the natural and deep acting of emotional labor played a part of mediating effect between preschool teachers’ occupational identity and occupational happiness.Conclusion:Preschool teachers’ occupational identity and the use of emotional labor will affect their occupational happiness.Preschool teachers’ occupational identity will affect their use of emotional labor strategies, mainly natural acting and deep acting, and then affect their occupational happiness.