智能合约环境下最优合同的实现机制

Mechanism Contributing to Optimal Contracts under Environment of Smart Contract

智能合约是技术进步的产物,其技术属性可以激励或约束缔约主体的行为,促成最优合同的实现。其一,验证交易条件是智能合约进入执行状态的前提,这能够确保状态独立类型交易的安全性。其二,智能合约降低了获取信息成本以及重复性交易成本,推进了普适性商品的市场化交易。其三,对于多环节构成的交易,智能合约缩短了上下游交易进入合同执行状态的时间间隔,完整交易链条在较短时间即可形成,提高了变更合同条款的成本,制约了缔约主体的再协商行为,增强了初始合同的完备性。智能合约凭借技术优势,通过影响信息充分度和执行灵活度,减少了合同不完备性引致的机会主义行为,有利于最优合同的实现。智能合约佐证了不完全合同可以是最优合同,提高了实时交易、普适性商品交易和多环节交易的有效性和安全性。

Technology gives birth to smart contracts,whose technical properties could motivate and restrain the behavior of contracting agents.This contributes to the realization of optimal contracts.First,verifying transaction conditions is the prerequisite for the implementation of smart contracts,ensuring the security of state-independent transactions.Second,smart contracts reduce the search costs of information and repetitive transaction costs,promoting the arm’s length transaction of generic goods.Thirdly,for transactions consisting with multiple flows,smart contracts shorten the time interval for upstream and downstream transactions to enter the implementation state,and the complete transaction chain can be formed in a relatively short time.This increases the cost of changing the contract terms,restricts the renegotiation behavior,and enhances the completeness of the initial contract.Smart contracts proves that incomplete contract can be the optimal contract,improving the efficiency and security of real-time transaction,generic commodity transaction and multi-flow transaction.