青贮添加剂对微生物多样性影响的研究进展

Research Progress in the Effects of Additives to Silage on Microbial Diversity

牧草青贮是一个非常复杂的微生物活动和生物化学变化的过程,青贮饲料的质量取决于青贮开始时的微生物群落及其发酵过程中的演替。添加剂对青贮微生物多样性及青贮品质起着至关重要的作用,主要通过促进乳酸菌等优势菌群的快速发酵,降低pH,制造酸性环境,抑制不良微生物的繁殖,提高牧草青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性。本文重点综述了乳酸菌剂、化学添加剂、酶制剂、营养性添加剂对牧草青贮中微生物的菌群结构的影响,旨在对青贮发酵进程中微生物作用机理的深入研究及青贮添加剂的定向研发等方面提供参考。

Ensiling of forage is a very complex process of microbial activities and biochemical changes.The quality of silage crops depends on the microbial community during the early phase of fermentation and its succession in the fermentation process.Additives play an important role to change the microbial diversity and to enhance the silage quality.They improve the fermentation quality and aerobic stability mainly by promoting the rapid fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and other dominant bacteria,consequently reducing the pH,and creating an acidic environment to inhibit the growth and reproduction of spoilage microorganisms.The current paper is aimed to review the effects of lactic acid bacteria,chemical,enzymatic and nutritional additives on the microbial community structure of silage,aiming to provide best references for studying the mechanism of microbial actions during the fermentation process of silage,and directional research and development of silage additives in the future.