发酵TMR应用及其微生物种群演替规律研究进展

Research Progress in the Succession of Microbial Communities in Total Mixed Ration Silage

发酵TMR是根据家畜不同生长阶段的营养需要和饲料原料的营养价值,设计科学合理的日粮配方,经过乳酸菌发酵调制而成的一种营养平衡的日粮。随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,对高品质饲料的需求量越来越大。为了降低对饲料粮的过度依赖,非常规饲料资源的开发利用显得尤为重要。发酵TMR调制加工技术的推广和普及能够有效利用非常规饲料资源,缓解饲料资源短缺制约我国畜牧业稳定发展的难题。而发酵TMR微生物种群多样性对饲料的发酵品质及有氧稳定性都有重要作用。因此,文章从发酵TMR技术的应用、有氧稳定性的微生物影响因素以及发酵TMR中的微生物种群多样性等方面进行综述,讨论了发酵TMR技术的意义以及存在的问题。对发挥发酵TMR的生产潜力,推广发酵TMR饲喂技术,使其高效应用到生产实践中具有重要意义。为提高非常规饲料资源的利用效率,解决饲料资源短缺问题提供了新的解决途径。

Total mixed ratio(TMR)silage is a kind of nutritional balanced rations fermented by lactic acid bacteria according to a scientific diet formula based on the nutrition needs at different growth stages of livestock and the nutritional value of feed materials.With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China,the demand for high-quality feed is increasing.In order to reduce the excessive dependence on feed grain,the development and utilization of unconventional feed resources is particularly important.The expansion and popularization of modulating and processing technology for fermenting TMR silage is beneficial to the efficient utilization of by-products to solve the shortage of feed resources that restrict the stable development of animal husbandry.And the microbial communities of TMR silage play an important role in the fermentation quality and aerobic stability.Therefore,this article reviews the application of TMR silage technology,microbial factors affecting aerobic stability,and the diversity of microbial communities in TMR silage,and discusses the significance and existing problems in TMR silage technology.It is of great significance to realize the production potential,to promote this feeding technology to efficiently apply it to production practice.And this would provide new ideas for improving the utilization efficiency of unconventional feed resources and solving the problem of shortage in feed resources.