基于水费承受能力的水权交易价格管制区间——以灌溉用水户水权交易为例

Regulation of water rights trading price based on affordability:Taking water rights trading between irrigation water users as an example

农业用水流转的关键在于水权交易市场的建设,灌溉用水户水权交易对于提高灌溉用水效率,实现农村水资源优化分配具有重要作用。交易价格的确定是灌溉用水户水权交易管理的难点,过低的价格会导致水资源浪费,过高的价格不利于农业发展,此时政府的价格管制尤为重要。以2019年8—9月河北省石家庄市元氏县发生的灌溉用水户水权交易作为研究对象,首先用ELES模型判断农户所在地区经济水平,根据地区经济水平决定灌溉用水户的水费承受能力,应用水费承受指数模型确定水权交易价格管制上限;然后基于灌溉用水户水权交易的特点,将资源水价作为水权交易价格管制下限,应用模糊数学法确定资源水价。研究结果如下:(1)2019年元氏县灌溉用水户水权交易的价格管制区间为[0.11,0.26]元/m3;(2)2019年元氏县实际水权交易价格为0.06元/m3,低于管制区间下限,表明实际水权交易价格不利于该地区农业用水的节约与保护,此类交易应该被制止;(3)地方水利机构应制定水权交易价格管制区间,并确保水权交易在价格管制区间内进行,使水权交易能实现经济与生态双重优化的目标。

The key to the circulation of agricultural water use rights is the construction of water rights trading market,and the trading of irrigation water rights plays an important role in improving the efficiency of irrigation water use and realizing the optimal distribution of rural water resources.The determination of transaction price is difficult for water rights transaction of irrigation water users.Too low a price will lead to water waste,and too high a price is not conducive to agricultural development,therefore government price regulation is particularly important.Taking the data of water rights transaction in Yuanshi County,Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province from August to September 2019,this study first used the extended linear expenditure system(ELES)model to determine the local economic level of farmers,affordability of irrigation water to users,and the upper limit of water rights trading price.Then,based on the characteristics of irrigation water users’water rights transaction,resource price of water was taken as the lower limit of water rights transaction price regulation,which was calculated by fuzzy mathematics method.The main conclusions are:(1)The price control range of water rights transaction for irrigation water users in Yuanshi County in 2019 was[0.11,0.26]yuan/m3.(2)In 2019,the actual trading price of water rights in the county was 0.06 yuan/m3,lower than the lower limit of the regulation range,indicating that the actual trading price of water rights is not beneficial to the conservation and protection of agricultural water in the region,and such trading should be stopped.(3)The government should set the price regulation range of water rights trading and ensure that water rights trading is carried out within the price control range,so that the transactions can achieve the goal of economic and ecological optimization.