疫情初期应急医疗物资公平配送研究

Study on Fair Distribution of Emergency Medical Supplies in the Early Stage of Epidemic

考虑在疫情初期,将疫区周边暂未发生疫情的城市作为配送中心,将其库存的医疗物资在各个需求点之间进行公平分配并及时运输。从需求点医疗物资使用人数和剩余物资估计可使用时间两个角度出发,构建需求点医疗物资紧急度指标,以紧急度作为权重的加权需求满足率最大化为主要目标,以医疗物资装卸和运输的总时间最小化为次要目标,构建考虑多配送中心、多需求点、多物资、多目标的应急医疗物资公平配送模型。结果表明,所构建的模型可以在一定程度上兼顾医疗物资分配的公平和效率,在疫情初期医疗物资短时间供给不足的情况下,各需求点也可以分配到一定比例的医疗物资,可以一定程度上缓解主要疫区短期所需的医疗物资不足的压力,为后方医疗物资调度争取时间。

In the early stage of the epidemic,the cities around the epidemic area that have not been affected by the epidemic are considered as the distribution centers,and the medical materials in stock are distributed fairly among the demand points and transported in time.From the two perspectives of the number of users of medical supplies at the demand point and the estimated usable time of the remaining supplies,the urgency index of medical supplies at the demand point was constructed.The main objective is to maximize the weighted demand satisfaction rate with the urgency as the weight,and the secondary objective is to minimize the total time of loading,unloading and transportation of medical materials.And the model considers multiple distribution centers,multiple demand points,multiple materials,and multiple goals will be built.The results show that:the model can give consideration to the fairness and efficiency of medical material distribution to a certain extent.In the case of short-term shortage of medical materials in the early stage of the epidemic,each demand point can also be allocated a certain proportion of medical materials,which can alleviate the pressure of short-term shortage of medical materials in the main epidemic areas to a certain extent and buy time for the rear medical material scheduling.