农村生源大学新生心理健康状况及其应对--以福建省某本科高校近五届新生研究为例

Analysis of mental health status of freshmen from rural areas and educational countermeasures:a case study of freshmen of the recent five years in a university in Fujian Province

采用SCL-90对福建省某高校2015~2019年连续5届共9238名农村生源大学新生心理健康状况进行测查与分析。结果表明,农村生源大学新生心理健康总体状况并不比城镇生源差,但强迫症状和恐惧两个因子得分较高;女生心理健康水平总体低于男生,在强迫症状、焦虑、恐惧、精神病性因子方面较为突出;来自独生子女家庭的学生有更高焦虑、偏执倾向,且焦虑水平高于全国青年均值;来自非完整家庭的学生有更高抑郁、焦虑倾向,且焦虑水平也高于全国青年均值。基于研究结果,建议要将积极心理学的理念融入到农村大学生心理健康教育中,以生为本提升学生心理健康自助能力,不断健全和完善心理健康教育工作体系,深化“学校—家庭—社会”三方联动,以进一步提升农村生源大学生心理健康教育工作质效。

SCL-90 was used to measure and analyze the mental health status of 9238 freshmen from rural areas in a university in Fujian Province from 2015 to 2019.Results show that the overall mental health of freshmen from rural areas is not worse than those from urban areas,but their obsessive-compulsive symptoms and fear are significantly higher.The mental health level of girls from rural areas,whose symptoms are more prominent in obsessive-compulsive disorder,anxiety,fear,and psychiatric factors,is lower than that of boys.Students from only-child families have greater anxiety and paranoia tendencies,and their anxiety level is higher than the national youth average;students from incomplete families have greater depression and anxiety tendencies,and their anxiety level is also higher than the national youth average.Based on the research results,it is suggested that the concept of positive psychology should be integrated into the mental health education of rural college students,so as to promote students’self-help ability in mental health on the basis of student participation,continuously improve and perfect the work system of mental health education,and deepen the“school-family-society”tripartite joint efforts to improve the quality and effectiveness of mental health education.